Journal of Obesity

Research Article

Racial Disparities between the Sex Steroid Milieu and the Metabolic Risk Profile

Table 1

Comparison of subject characteristics between CA and AA women using student’s t-tests for unpaired samples.


Characteristics	CA women ( $n = 36$ )	AA women ( $n = 30$ )	$P^{a}$

Age (y)	$41.94 \pm 7.10$	$37.97 \pm 9.94$	.063
Height (m)	$1.64 \pm 0.07$	$1.62 \pm 0.06$	.168
Weight (kg)	$94.79 \pm 15.72$	$91.84 \pm 14.03$	.427
BMI (kg/m²)	$35.12 \pm 5.35$	$34.88 \pm 4.4$	.850
Resting heart rate (beats/min)	$73.67 \pm 11.04$	$76.57 \pm 10.90$	.289
Stres $s^{b}$	$67.71 \pm 21.37$	$69.28 \pm 31.64$	.815
Educatio $n^{c}$	$2.56 \pm 0.50$	$2.30 \pm 0.66$	.077
Physical activity (kcal/wk)	$983.65 \pm 1,033.60$	$892.88 \pm 895.74$	.723
Cigarettes (no./d)	$2.11 \pm 6.96$	$1.53 \pm 5.10$	.707
Alcohol	$5.56 \pm 13.78$	$2.27 \pm 5.65$	.226
Metabolic risk profile
Waist (cm)	$107.29 \pm 14.50$	$101.03 \pm 11.27$	.058
WHR	$0.86 \pm 0.06$	$0.87 \pm 0.08$	.536
SAT (L)	$4.68 \pm 1.28$	$4.51 \pm 1.40$	.603
VAT (L)	$1.20 \pm 0.48$	$0.76 \pm 0.30$	$< . 001$
Glucose (mmol/L $)^{d}$	$4.80 \pm 0.57$	$4.76 \pm 5.77$	.758
Insulin ( $μ$ U/mL)	$14.84 \pm 8.13$	$14.75 \pm 5.77$	.957
HOMA IR	$3.13 \pm 1.81$	$3.20 \pm 1.39$	.878
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	$126.67 \pm 14.89$	$123.00 \pm 14.21$	.313
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	$82.11 \pm 10.13$	$82.20 \pm 8.70$	.970
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	$144.50 \pm 78.44$	$107.77 \pm 67.58$	.048
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	$5.34 \pm 1.32$	$5.14 \pm 1.41$	.552
HDL (mmol/L)	$1.44 \pm 0.42$	$1.45 \pm 0.29$	.931
${HDL}_{2}$ (mmol/L)	$0.36 \pm 0.23$	$0.41 \pm 0.28$	$. 428^{e}$
LDL (mmol/L)	$3.10 \pm 0.96$	$3.13 \pm 1.25$	.909
LDL pps (nmol/L)	$27.11 \pm 0.71$	$27.15 \pm 0.57$	.799
Apo B (mg/dL)	$106.50 \pm 29.22$	$102.70 \pm 30.69$	.609
Total cholesterol/HDL	$3.91 \pm 1.26$	$3.69 \pm 1.35$	.488
Lp(a) (mg/dL)	$24.86 \pm 20.60$	$36.85 \pm 23.59$	.093
SHBG and Sex Steroids
SHBG (nmol/L $)^{e}$	$33.88 \pm 22.98$	$43.80 \pm 30.73$	$. 073^{e}$
TT (ng/mL $)^{e}$	$0.27 \pm 0.11$	$0.33 \pm 0.19$	$. 170^{e}$
FAI	$4.24 \pm 3.55$	$4.11 \pm 4.83$	$. 685^{e}$

Values are means

\pm

SD. SAT indicates volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT indicates volume of visceral adipose tissue; IR, insulin resistance calculated as (insulin,

μ

U/mL

\times

glucose, mmol/L)

\div

22.5; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL pps-low-density lipoprotein, peak particle size; Apo B, apolipoprotein B; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; TT, total testosterone, FAI, free androgen index, calculated as TT (ng/mL)

\times

3.467

\times

100/SHBG (nmol/L).

^{a}

Values obtained from a Student’s

t

-test for unpaired samples.

^{b}

Graded numerically, with the higher number indicating a higher stress level.

^{c}

Graded on a scale of 1 to 5, with the higher number indicating a higher level of education.

^{d}

One outlier was excluded from the analysis.

^{e} t

-test performed on transformed values.