Overweight among Four-Year-Old Children in Relation to Early Growth Characteristics and Socioeconomic Factors
Table 2
Variables obtained from the child health records at the two Child Health Centres in District A (CHC-dA) and District B (CHC-dB).
CHC-dA
CHC-dB
-value
Number
224
85
Boys, (%)
116(51.8)
47(55.3)
n.s
Girls, (%)
108(48.2)
38(44.7)
Birth weight (kg)
Mean(SD)
3.50(0.50)
3.56(0.55)
n.s
Range
2.10 to 4.99
1.95 to 5.14
Birth length (m)
Mean(SD)
0.50(0.02)
0.51(0.02)
n.s.
Range
0.43–0.61
0.44–0.56
BMI at birth (kg/m²)
Mean(SD)
13.7(1.34)
13.7(1.43)
n.s
Range
9.1 to 18.6
8.8 to 18.3
Weight at the 4 years check-up (kg)
Mean(SD)
18.1(2.68)
17.8(2.14)
n.s
Range
11.6 to 28.5
13.5 to 26.8
Height at the 4 years check-up (m)
Mean(SD)
1.05(0.05)
1.06(0.03)
n.s
Range
0.9 to 1.2
1.0 to 1.1
BMI at the 4 years check-up (kg/m²)
Mean(SD)
16.2(1.61)
15.8(1.32)
.08
Range
13.4 to −23.1
12.9 to 21.4
Change in weight from birth (kg)
Mean(SD)
14.6(2.55)
14.2(1.99)
n.s
Range
9.2 to 24.7
9.7 to 23.4
Change in BMI from birth (kg/m²)
Mean(SD)
2.5(1.86)
2.1(1.61)
.05
Range
−2.0 to 11.2
−2.2 to 7.1
Overweight at the 4 year check-up
Number (%)
45(20)
8(9)
.03
Obesity at the 4 year check-up
Number (%)
9(4)
1(1)
n.s
high-growth velocity children
Number (%)
58 (20)
11 (13)
.01
BMISDS at 4 years of age
Mean(SD)
0.14(1.20)
−0.18(1.11)
.03
Range
−2.7 to 3.8
−3.4 to 3.5
Smoking rate among mothers during pregnancy %
12
5
.07
Duration of breastfeeding from birth (months)
Mean(SD)
8 (5.3)
8.5(5.1)
n.s
Range
0 to 42
0 to 30
- BMI: Body Mass Index, - BMISDS: BMI standard deviation score or z-score, - high-growth velocity children: children with an increase in weight 16 kg (upper quartile) from birth until four years of age.
