Research Article

An Obesity Dietary Quality Index Predicts Abdominal Obesity in Women: Potential Opportunity for New Prevention and Treatment Paradigms

Table 2

Baseline daily nutrient intake profiles of 288 healthy women without abdominal obesity (waist circumference 88 cm) in the Framingham Offspring-Spouse Study according to dietary quality1, 2.

Obesity-Specific Nutritional Risk Score3
HigherLower
Dietary QualityDietary Quality
Tertile 1Tertile 2Tertile 3
Nutrientn = 96n = 96n = 96

Total Energy (kJ)46258.8 (205.9)a7124.5 (201.7)b7247.9 (204.2)b

Energy Density (kJ/g)53.05 (0.08)a3.77 (0.08)b4.18 (0.08)c

Total Fat (% energy)31.6 (0.43)a37.7 (0.42)b44.2 (0.43)c

Polyunsaturated Fat (% energy)6.4 (0.29)a8.0 (0.28)b9.4 (0.29)c

Monounsaturated Fat (% energy)11.1 (0.18)a13.7 (0.18)b16.2 (0.18)c

Saturated Fat (% energy)11.4 (0.26)a13.2 (0.26)b15.4 (0.26)c

Alcohol (% energy)2.9 (0.57)3.5 (0.55)4.0 (0.56)

Protein (% energy)18.1 (0.39)a16.1 (0.36)b15.9 (0.37)b

Carbohydrate (% energy)49.4 (0.65)a44.4 (0.63)b37.1 (0.64)c

Fiber (g/4184 kJ)14.9 (0.57)a13.6 (0.56)a11.1 (0.56)b

Calcium (mg/4184 kJ)678.3 (28.3)a685.8 (27.7)a571.1 (28.1)b

1Values are least squares means (SE). The GLM procedure in SAS (analysis of covariance) was used to obtain age-adjusted means for continuous variables and to identify subgroups that differed significantly. This set of analyses used Bonferroni’s correction for each variable.
2Values in a row with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other (P<.05). Rows with no superscript letters indicate NS differences.
3The risk score was calculated from the consumption of 11 nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, alcohol, total fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, saturated fat, energy density, and total energy), which were ranked for each woman in the sample.
4To convert kJ to kcal divide by 4.184.
5Energy density was calculated by dividing total energy intake by total gram weight of all foods and beverages reported on the 3-day dietary records.