Obesity and Cancer Screening according to Race and Gender

Table 2

Mammography use and weight status.

Study	Population/data Source	Weight categories^1	Findings
Chang et al. 2010, [22]	National Medicare claims data (Medicare), Veterans Health Administration data (VHA)	OW and OB	OW in Medicare beneficiaries was positively associated with mammography in OR = 1.13 𝑃=.02, but not in VHA data.; There was no significant association of mammography in OB (VHA or Medicare) or OW (VHA).
Banerjea et al. 2008,[23]	Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2003	OW and OB	There were no significant associations between mammography use and OB or OW.
Mitchell et al. 2008, [24]	Canadian Community Health Survey	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	There were no significant associations between mammography use and OW, OB (including OBI, OBII, OBIII).
Ferrante et al. 2007, [12]	National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2000	OB, OW, OBI, OBII, OBIII	OBIII was negatively associated with mammography. (62.3% 𝑃=0.0084).; There were no associations between mammography and weight status in OW, OBI, or OBII women.
Amy et al. 2006, [26]	Purposeful sample, face-to-face questionnaire in focus groups formed according to weight status	BMI 25–35, >35–45, >55	There were no significant associations between mammogram use and increasing BMI category.
Ferrante et al. 2006, [13]	Medical chart review, urban FM practices, mostly black and Hispanic	OBI, OBII, OBIII, nonobese (normal and overweight collapsed)	There was no significant association between mammography use and weight status.
Zhu et al. 2006, [16]	NHIS 2000	OW, OBI, OBII, OBIII	There was no significant association between weight status and mammography in white or black women.
Ostbye et al. 2005, [27]	Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD)	OW and OB	OBI, OBII, and OBIII were negatively associated with mammogram use (OR 0.73, 0.69, 0.59, resp.).; There were no significant associations between mammography use and OW.
Coughlin et al. 2004, [29]	Behaviorial Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) 1999	OW and OB	OB was negatively associated with mammography use. 74.6% 𝑃<0.001.
Wee et al. 2004, [17]	NHIS 1998	OW, OBI, OBII, OBIII	OBII was negatively associated with mammography in white women. OR 0.83 (0.68–0.96).; OW and OBII were positively associated with mammography in black women. OR 1.19 (1.01–1.32), OR 1.37 (1.13–1.50).; There were no other significant associations.
Wee et al. 2000, [15]	NHIS 1994	OW, OB, OBI, OBII, OBIII	There was no association of weight status and mammography in white or black women.
Fontaine et al. 2001, [30]	National Data 1998	OW, OBI, OBII, OBIII	OW and OBIII were positively associated with mammography use.; There were no significant associations between OBI, OBII, and mammography use.
Fontaine et al. 1998, [31]	National Data Set (>80% white) 1992	OW, OB	There was no significant association between weight status and mammography use.

¹Predictors: OW: Overweight, OB: Obese (unless otherwise specified, includes OBI, OBII, OBIII), OBI: Obese I, OBII: Obese II, OBIII: Obese III.