Impact of Weight Loss on Physical Function with Changes in Strength, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Fat Infiltration in Overweight to Moderately Obese Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 2

Baseline anthropometric, body composition, bone mass, muscle strength, and physical function by intervention group.

	Physical Activity + Weight Loss (𝑁 = 20)	Physical Activity + Successful Aging (𝑁 = 14)	𝑃-value
	Mean change (BL-6FU)	Mean change (BL-6FU)
Anthropometric
Waist circumference, cm	108.8 (7.2)^#	105.1 (8.8)	.22
Body weight, kg	89.8 (10.0)	85.4 (6.5)	.21
Height, cm	164.1 (8.4)	163.2 (5.2)	.77
BMI,  kg/m^2	33.6 (3.3)	32.1 (3.0)	.30
DXA
Percent body fat	43.0 (5.4)	42.5 (6.1)	.73
Total fat mass, kg	38.0 (5.9)	35.9 (6.5)	.61
Total lean mass, kg	48.2 (7.6)	46.1 (5.2)	.55
Appendicular lean mass, kg	20.6 (3.7)	19.7 (2.8)	.47
Total body BMD, g/cm^2	1.14 (0.12)	1.11 (0.15)	.53
Total hip BMD, g/cm^2	0.93 (0.11)	0.93 (0.15)	.91
Abdominal CT
Total, cm^2	661.5 (134.1)	569.5 (97.6)	.04*
Visceral fat, cm^2	217.7 (61.3)	179.8 (47.9)	.06
Subcutaneous fat, cm^2	443.7 (124.5)	389.1 (93.4)	.17
Right thigh CT
Total fat, cm^2	150.8 (52.4)	137.9 (47.8)	.47
Subcutaneous, cm^2	133.2 (52.8)	119.8 (47.4)	.45
Intermuscular fat, cm^2	12.5 (3.6)	13.4 (5.5)	.57
Muscle mass (CSA), cm^2	102.3 (23.2)	102.5 (90.2)	.99
Muscle density, HU	39.6 (3.1)	40.1 (3.3)	.62
Lean muscle mass, cm^2	68.8 (18.9)	71.7 (21.1)	.64
Right quadriceps CT
Muscle mass, cm^2	49.2 (10.6)	50.1 (10.8)	.81
Muscle density, HU	44.2 (3.7)	44.6 (3.6)	.71
Lean muscle mass, cm^2	37.7 (10.7)	39.6 (11.9)	.64
Specific torque (N⋅m/cm^2)	2.2 (0.3)	2.2 (0.5)	.65
Knee extensor strength
Peak torque, N⋅m	105.9 (32.2)	110.8 (23.7)	.66
Average torque, N⋅m	85.3 (25.2)	89.7 (24.6)	.62
SPPB
Total	9.7 (1.4)	10.7 (1.1)	.05*
Chair stand score (0–4)	2.2 (1.1)	2.7 (1.0)	.15
Balance score (0–4)	3.7 (0.6)	4.0 (0)	.06
Gait speed score (0–4)	3.8 (0.5)	3.9 (0.3)	.48

^#± Standard deviation.
*Significant at 𝑃<.05.