Gastric Bypass Promotes More Lipid Mobilization Than a Similar Weight Loss Induced by Low-Calorie Diet

Table 1

Subject characteristics of the 15 females at baseline and after one month of low-calorie diet (LCD) and one month after gastric bypass (GBP).

	Baseline	Post LCD		Post GBP
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P value	Mean ± SD	P value
Age (years)	34.7±7.88
Weight (kg)	121.3±13.4	113.9±12.0	<.001	105.8±12.0	<.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	42.9±3.02	40.3±2.93	<.001	37.4±2.99	<.001
Total fat Volume (L)	69.3±7.55^a	64.3±6.85^a	<.001	58.0±7.65^a	<.001
Total water Volume (L)	42.9±4.53^a	40.8±3.82^a	<.001	38.8±4.44^a	<.001
VAT (L)	5.31±0.97^a	4.91±0.88^a	.002	4.39±0.73^a	<.001
SAT abd (L)	21.3±2.93^a	19.8±2.73^a	.003	17.8±3.10^a	<.001
Liver fat (%)	9.72±6.31^a	5.69±4.24^a	.001	5.89±3.93^a	.736
Liver volume (L)	2.17±0.38^a	1.90±0.23^a	.001	1.89±0.28^a	.841
Liver fat Volume (mL)	218±154	107±78.0	<.001	111±70.8	.376
Hemoglobin (g/L)	139±7.54	140±7.26	.845	136±6.77	.099
EVF (%)	41.2±2.40	40.8±2.51	.458	39.3±2.23	.115
Na (mmol/L)	136±0.99	137±1.64	.041	139±1.62	.007
K (mmol/L)	3.95±0.20	3.67±0.25	.009	3.65±0.23	.793
Creatinine (umol/L)	58.9±3.75	65.9±6.34	.000	58.7±5.90	.003
Albumin (g/L)	41.3±2.26	44.5±3.23	.001	43.3±2.72	.221
ALT (ukat/L)	0.43±0.15	0.93±0.60	.007	0.57±0.26	.015
AST (ukat/L)	0.47±0.11	0.62±0.23	.045	0.48±0.12	.034
GT (μkat/L)	0.65±0.72	0.74±0.81	.119	0.53±0.28	.179
Glucose (mmol/L)	5.14±0.67	4.73±0.83	.005	5.03±0.49	.082
Insulin (mU/L)	22.9±7.82	17.1±8.15	<.001	13.3±5.52	.096
HOMA index	5.32±2.18	3.63±1.93	<.001	2.99±1.33	.241
Growth hormone (ug/L)	0.46±0.52	1.05±0.97	.008	1.49±1.11	.146
Glucagon (pmol/L)	73.4±20.8	69.4±17.9	.149	75.8±18.2	.024
BNP (ng/L)	44.7±27.4	46.3±28.4	.847	93.7±71.5	.011
Leptin (mg/L)	17.4±4.91	12.8±8.43	.000	10.3±3.29	.001
Adiponectin (Ug/mL)	7.49±2.97	8.37±8.43	.302	8.13±3.56	.662
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.79±1.14	4.43±1.05	.002	4.29±0.92	.349
HDL (mmol/L)	1.08±0.19	0.93±0.15	.001	0.95±0.19	.550
LDL (mmol/L)	3.07±0.96	2.85±1.05	.125	2.64±0.84	.145
LDL/HDL	2.93±1.10	3.27±1.44	.092	2.95±1.05	.094
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.17±1.28	1.80±0.76	.255	1.80±0.54	1.000
ApoA1 (g/L)	1.33±0.14	1.10±0.12	<.001	1.11±0.11	.829
ApoB (g/L)	0.96±0.32	0.89±0.28	.048	0.88±0.25	.775
ApoB/ApoA1	0.73±0.25	0.82±0.28	.014	0.79±0.23	.290
FFA (mmol/L)	0.58±0.23	0.85±0.33	.011	0.89±0.28	.739
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (mmol/L)	0.07±0.05	0.31±0.28	.007	0.34±0.22	.613

aData from the 13 subjects who completed the MR investigations. BMI: body mass index, VAT: visceral adipose tissue volume, SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue volume in the abdominal subvolume, EVF: erythrocyte volume fraction. ALT: alanine transaminase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, GT: gamma glutamyltransferase, BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide, FFA: free fatty acids.
Statistical significance evaluated from baseline to post-LCD, and post-LCD to post-GBP.