A Review of Different Behavior Modification Strategies Designed to Reduce Sedentary Screen Behaviors in Children

Table 4

Outcomes of randomized controlled trials focused on multiple behaviors with a sedentary screen behaviors reduction component organized by method of reduction and age of children (𝑁=10).

Source		Change in SSB (h/day)		% change in SSB
	Treatment group	Intervention, mos	Followup, mos	Intervention, mos	Followup, mos
Interventions using behavior modification techniques only
		0–6	0–12	0–6	0–12
Whaley et al. 2010 [58]	1	Not reported	+0.30*	Not reported	+13%*
	2		+0.60		+26%
		0–6	0–24	0–6	0-24
Epstein et al. 2000 [59]	(1) ↓ SSB high (20 h/wk)	Not reported	Not reported	−20%^b	−12%^b
	(2) ↓ SSB low (10 h/wk)			−15%^b	−0.6%^b
	(3) ↑ PA high (20 mi/wk)			−9.4%^b	−8.4%^b
	(4) ↑ PA low (10 mi/wk)			−6.5%^b	−11%^b
		0–6	0–12	0–6	0–12
Epstein et al. 2004 [60]	1-stimulus control	Not reported	Not reported	−2.2%^b	Not reported
	2-reinforced reduction			−2.2%^b
		0–4	None	0–4	None
Harrison et al. 2006 [61]	1	−0.61		−21%
	2	−0.40		−13%
		0–9^a	0–15^a	0–9^a	0–15^a
Gentile et al. 2009 [62]	1-child reported	+0.55	−0.11	+13%	−2.9%
	1-parentreported	+0.30*	+0.43*	+10%*	+14%*
	2-child reported	+0.09	−0.21	+2.0%	−4.9%
	2-parent reported	+0.19	+0.34	+5.6%	+10%
		0–9	0–12	0–9	0–12
Salmon et al. 2008 [63] (b-coefficients)	1	+0.55*	+0.57*	Not reported	Not reported
	2	+0.36	+0.34
	3	+0.33	+0.34
		0–24	None	0–24	None
Gortmaker et al. 1999 [48]	1-male	−0.70*		−19%*
	1-female	−0.70*		−23%*
	2-male	−0.35		−9.3%
	2-female	−0.11		−3.6%
Interventions using behavioral modification techniques plus contingent TV
		0–3	None	0–3	None
Faith et al. 2001 [50]	1	−3.1*		−95%*
	2	−0.26		−9.1%
		0–1.5	None	0–1.5	None
Roemmich et al. 2004 [64]	1	−0.33		Not reported
	2	+0.22
		0–2	None	0–2	None
Goldfield et al. 2006 [65]	1	−1.9*		−72%*
	2	+0.24		+9.5%

SSB: sedentary screen behaviors; h: hour; treatment group: group assignment (1: treatment group, 2: control group); mos: months; wk: week; mi: miles, Salmon et al. 2008 [63]; 1: ↓ TV through behavioral modification based curriculum, 2: ↑ skills through modified physical education curriculum, 3: ↓ TV and ↑ skills curriculums); *: significant difference between groups; ^a: Significant difference in reported TV viewing time between parents and children; ^b: significantly different from baseline value.