The Impact of Abdominal Obesity Status on Cardiovascular Response to the Mediterranean Diet
Table 5
Effects of the 4-week controlled Mediterranean diet intervention on anthropometric and metabolic variables associated with cardiovascular risk in abdominally obese and non-abdominally obese individuals1.
Variables
Non-abdominally obese individuals ()
Abdominally obese individuals ()
value
Change
SEM
Δ%
Change
SEM
Δ%
Time
Group*time
Body weight (kg)2
−0.62
0.16
−0.79
−1.12
0.21
−1.23
<0.0001
0.1481
BMI (kg/m2)2
−0.20
0.05
−0.76
−0.38
0.07
−1.21
<0.0001
0.2947
Waist circumference (cm)
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.49
−1.14
0.1526
0.0174
Waist to hip ratio
0.01
0.01
0.99
−0.01
0.01
−0.85
0.8763
0.0586
TG (mmol/L)2
−0.25
0.10
−15.45
−0.15
0.13
−9.02
0.0724
0.0888
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
−0.40
0.11
−7.21
−0.49
0.10
−9.02
<0.0001
0.6021
LDL-C (mmol/L)
−0.26
0.10
−7.17
−0.36
0.08
−10.52
<0.0001
0.4323
HDL-C (mmol/L)
−0.03
0.02
−2.12
−0.05
0.02
−4.63
0.0154
0.3678
Total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio
−0.30
0.10
−6.05
−0.23
0.11
−4.80
0.0010
0.6273
LDL-C/HDL-C ratio
−0.26
0.08
−7.82
−0.16
0.08
−5.34
0.0009
0.4271
Apo B (g/L)2
−0.09
0.03
−8.41
−0.11
0.02
−9.99
<0.0001
0.6961
Apo A-1 (g/L)
−0.06
0.02
−4.03
−0.07
0.02
−5.39
<0.0001
0.4856
Apo A-2 (g/L)
−0.020
0.005
−5.58
−0.021
0.006
−6.21
<0.0001
0.8916
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
−3.50
1.46
−3.12
−3.45
1.12
−3.03
0.0003
0.9629
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
−2.64
0.90
−3.49
−4.03
1.04
−5.14
<0.0001
0.3281
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
0.02
0.06
0.40
−0.06
0.08
−1.07
0.6884
0.3977
2-h glucose (mmol/L)
−0.33
0.29
−5.47
−0.51
0.24
−7.15
0.0263
0.6323
Fasting insulin (pmol/L)2
−1.2
3.3
−1.83
−14.1
6.9
−12.44
0.1533
0.2687
2-h insulin (pmol/L)2
−33.9
48.9
−9.28
−139.2
62.7
−22.41
0.0839
0.8845
HOMA index2,3
−0.009
0.018
−10.20
−0.016
0.017
−21.38
0.5681
0.5813
Δ%: percentage of change; BMI: body mass index; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; Apo: apolipoprotein; HOMA index: homeostasis model assessment index.
1All analyses concerning waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and metabolic variables are adjusted for weight change during the MedDiet. Values are presented as means with their standard errors (SEM). Men and women with a waist circumference of, respectively, >102 cm and >88 cm were considered as having abdominal obesity.
2Analysis was performed on transformed values.
3Calculated as (1/[fasting glucose (mmol/L) × fasting insulin (pmol/L)/22.5]) for measuring insulin sensitivity.
*Abdominally obese individuals significantly decrease their waist circumference in response to the MedDiet, .
