Changes in Body Composition, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Eating Behavior after an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention with High Volume of Physical Activity in Severely Obese Subjects: A Prospective Clinical Controlled Trial

Table 1

Characteristics of participants and body composition at baseline in the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) group and control group. Data are given as mean values (standard deviation) or number of subjects and percentages.

	ILI (𝑛=71)		Control (𝑛=33)		P value
	𝑁	%	𝑁	%
Female/male	42/29	59.2/40.8	21/12	63.6/36.4	0.663^a
Age (year)	45.2 (9.5)		38.5 (9.8)		0.001^b
Height (cm)	173.2 (8.6)		172.3 (10.4)		0.626^b
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	42.8 (4.6)		42.8 (6.3)		0.983^b
Body weight (kg)	128.9 (19.4)		127.1 (21.6)		0.680^b
Fat mass (kg)	60.5 (11.0)		60.4 (13.5)		0.986^b
Fat-free mass (kg)	68.3 (13.2)		67.1 (12.8)		0.676^b
Skeletal muscle mass (kg)	38.4 (7.9)		37.9 (7.4)		0.760^b
Visceral fat area (cm^2)	255.7 (64.7)		245.6 (66.3)		0.464^b
Highest education
Primary and/or secondary school	8^c	12.9	7	21.2	0.178^a
High school	32^c	51.6	20	60.6
Higher education	22^c	35.5	6	18.2
Employment (full-time job)	34^d	52.3	16^e	50.0	0.831^a
Current smoker (yes)	15^f	23.4	6	18.2	0.552^a

aChi-square; ^bindependent-samples t test; ^c𝑛=62, ^d𝑛=65, ^e𝑛=32, ^f𝑛=64.