A Six-Month Randomized Controlled Trial of Whole Soy and Isoflavones Daidzein on Body Composition in Equol-Producing Postmenopausal Women with Prehypertension

Table 2

Baseline characteristics among 3 study groups.

	Whole soy group	Daidzein group	Placebo group	𝑃 value
	𝑛=90	𝑛=90	𝑛=90
Age (y)	57.6±5.3	57.7±5.0	58.5±4.7	0.464
Menopausal years (y)	9.0±6.4	8.9±5.7	9.1±5.2	0.977
BS Total PA (MET min/d)	1251.3±726.4	1218.5±625.1	1134.2±534.7	0.450
Job PA	476.6±565.3	453.8±618.7	386.9±594.5	0.574
House PA	550.6±571.2	568.6±506.6	509.1±340.9	0.700
Exercise PA	221.6±200.2	191.6±178.8	229.2±206.3	0.403
BS dietary intake
Energy (kcal/d)	2048.3±543.2	2090.4±655.25	1983.5±431.6	0. 341
Protein (g/d)	88.9±22.7	90.1±29.4	86.1±20.6	0.373
Fat (g/d)	64.9±21.8	69.0±22.6	63.4±37.1	0.386
Isoflavones (mg/d)	14.6±10.1	14.2±8.5	14.5±9.5	0.852
Dietary intake at 6 month (not including supplements)
Energy (kcal/d)	1956.2±475.65	2006.9±560.6	1938.7±391.1	0.443
Protein (g/d)	82.6±21.9	80.8±27.5	76.5±18.4	0.368
Fat (g/d)	61.5±19.8	63.6±15.8	60.4±23.9	0.325
Isoflavones (mg/d)	8.6±6.6	8.3±7.5	7.9±7.2	0.714
Job status				0.128
housewife	37 (13.7%)	46 (17.0%)	54 (20.0%)
Part-time job	26 (9.6%)	18 (6.7%)	16 (5.9%)
Full-time job	27 (10.0%)	26 (9.6%)	20 (7.4%)
Ever use of lipid-lowering medication	8 (7.5%)	8 (7.5%)	8 (7.5%)	0.915
Ever use of HRT	9 (3.3%)	13 (4.8%)	19 (7.0%)	0.112
Ever use of contraceptives	46 (17.0%)	39 (14.4%)	45 (16.7%)	0.528
Passive smoking	13 (4.8%)	12 (4.4%)	15 (5.6%)	0.814
Regular alcohol drinking	7 (2.6%)	8 (3.0%)	10 (3.7%)	0.738
Regular coffee drinking	34 (12.6%)	37 (13.7%)	32 (11.9%)	0.742
Regular tea drinking	73 (32.7%)	73 (32.7%)	77 (34.5%)	0.662

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables or number (%) for categorical variables. ANOVA test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. BS indicates baseline; PA indicates physical activity; HRT indicates hormone replacement treatment; Regular drinking means drinking alcohol, tea, or coffee more than 1 time per week. METs are multiples of resting metabolic rates and an MET minute is computed by multiplying the MET score of an activity by the minutes performed. Dietary nutrient intakes were calculated mainly based on the China Food Composition Table 2002 and 2004.