Genetics of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans

Table 1

(a) FTO variation and BMI in populations of African ancestry and (b) degree of linkage disequilibrium between FTO SNPs in Table 1(a) in the YRI population [12].

(a)

FTO SNP	Population (n, study, reference)	Minor allele	Minor allele frequency (affected/control)	P value; (for relationship with BMI)
rs9939609	AA children (Cincinnati) (n = 497) [13]	A	0.48	0.87
	AA children (GCTS, LACHY, APEX); (n = 1025) [14]	A	0.446	0.02
	AA adults (IRAS-FS) (n = 604) [15]	A	0.491	0.014
	AA adults (IRAS) (n = 288) [16]	A	0.418	0.71
	South African adults (birth to age 20); (n = 990) [17]	A	0.47	0.029/0.071
	AA adults (Jackson heart study) (n = 4042) [18]	A	0.469	0.4125
	AA adults Maywood (n = 775) [18]	A	0.417	0.5735
	African-derived adults (WA, AA) (n = 1,485) [19]	A	0.504 (WA); 0.467 (AA)	0.768 (WA); 0.136 (AA)
rs8050136	AA children (CHOP) (n = 2,002) [20]	A	0.449/0.437
	AA children (Cincinnati) (n = 497) [13]	A	0.43	0.87
	AA adults (IRAS-FS) (n = 604) [15]	A	0.483	0.011
	AA adults (IRAS) (n = 288) [16]	A	0.391	0.20
	South African adults (birth to age 20); (n = 990) [17]	A	0.42	0.021/0.057
	AA adults (Jackson heart study); (n = 4,042) [18]	A	0.424	1
	AA adults (MEC) (n = 3,482) [18]	A	0.436	0.2990
	African-derived (Jamaica Spanish Town); (n = 1407) [18]	A	0.460	0.9899
	African-derived adults (G × E) (n = 938) [18]	A	0.452	0.8774
	AA adults Maywood (n = 775) [18]	A	0.472	0.6404
	Meta-analysis 6 AA cohorts (n = 4992) [21]	A	0.45	0.141
rs3751812	AA children (CHOP) (n = 2,002) [20]	T	0.115/0.090	0.017
	AA children (Cincinnati) (n = 497) [13]	T	0.12	0.86
	AA adults (GenNet) (n = 1,101) [22]	T	0.11	0.8
	AA adults (IRAS-FS) (n = 604) [15]	T	0.143	0.38
	AA adults (IRAS) (n = 288) [16]	T	0.083	0.22
	South African adults (birth to age 20); (n = 990) [17]	T
	African-derived adults Meta-analysis; (n = 10,819) [18]	T	0.078–0.117	2.58𝑒−6
rs8057044	AA children (Cincinnati) (n = 497) [13]	G	0.30	0.00054 (unadj)
	AA adults (IRAS-FS) (n = 604) [15]	G	0.246	0.053
	AA adults (IRAS) (n = 288) [16]	G	0.314	0.039
	AA adults (Jackson heart study); (n = 4,042) [18]	G	0.283	1
	AA adults (MEC) (n = 3,482) [18]	G	0.301	0.1476
	AA adults Maywood (n = 775) [18]	G	0.25	0.6121
	Meta-analysis 6 AA cohorts (n = 4,992) [21]	G	0.27	0.710
	African-derived adults (WA, AA) (n = 1,485) [19]	G	0.27 (WA); 0.27 (AA)	NS
rs1108102	AA adults (IRAS) (n = 288) [16]	A	0.125	5.4𝑒−4
	Meta-analysis 6 AA cohorts (n = 4,992) [21]	A	0.15	0.636
	African-derived adults (WA, AA) (n = 1,485) [19]	A	0.186	0.142
rs17817449	South African adults (birth to age 20); (n = 990) [17]	G	0.37	0.008/0.022
	AA adults Maywood (n = 775) [18]	G	0.361	0.1513
	African-derived adults (WA, AA) (n = 1,485) [19]	G	0.409 (WA); 0.396 (AA)	0.554 (WA); 0.151 (AA)
rs9941349	African-derived adults meta-analysis; (n = 10,819) [18]	T	0.167–0.191	3.61𝑒−6
	African-derived adults (WA, AA) (n = 1,485) [19]	T	0.165 (WA); 0.187 (AA)	NS

(b)

𝑟^2 (YRI)	rs9939609	rs8050136	rs3751812	rs8057044	rs1108102	rs17817449	rs9941349
rs9939609	1
rs8050136	0.843	1
rs3751812	0.057	0.068	1
rs8057044	0.065	0.119	0.014	1
rs1108102	0.030	0.050	0.016	0.044	1
rs17817449	0.621	0.736	0.092	0.151	0.024	1
rs9941349	0.009	0.033	0.356	0.000	0.018	0.005	1