Research Article
Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Food Advertising on Children’s Knowledge about and Preferences for Healthful Food
Table 4
Descriptive statistics.
| | Variable | Obs. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min. | Max. |
| | Dependent variables |
| | Food knowledge | 229 | 7.76 | 1.18 | 3 | 10 | | Food knowledge > 6 | 229 | .95 | .22 | 0 | 1 | | Food preferences | 229 | 4.78 | 2.08 | 0 | 10 | | Food preferences > 6 | 229 | .33 | .47 | 0 | 1 | | Diet quality: YHEI | 201 | 49.60 | 7.63 | 25.9 | 69.0 | | Relative sugar intake (%) | 224 | 27.94 | 11.13 | 2.8 | 55.8 | | Relative fat intake (%) | 224 | 26.52 | 1.00 | 6.1 | 58.7 | | BMI (CDC, -score) | 181 | .25 | 1.12 | −2.8 | 2.4 | | Waist circumference (Cole, -score) | 181 | .68 | 1.19 | −1.99 | 3.34 | | Relative body fat (kg/m2) | 179 | 3.13 | 2.18 | 0 | 10.36 |
| | (a) Parental norms and attitudes |
| | H1: attitudes towards ads (parents): usefulness and credibility | 225 | 3.14 | .69 | 1 | 4 | | H1: attitudes towards ads (parents): effects of ads | 225 | 2.31 | .64 | 1 | 4 | | H2: discussing TV programmes with child | 222 | .35 | .48 | 0 | 1 |
| | (b) Physical environment |
| | H3: TV consumption (hours per day) | 224 | 1.32 | .76 | .07 | 4 | | H3: bedroom equipment | 226 | .38 | .49 | 0 | 1 |
| | (c) Advertising |
| | H4: credibility dimension | 227 | .86 | 3.25 | −6 | 6 | | H4: suspiciousness dimension | 222 | 1.73 | 2.96 | −6 | 6 | | H4: entertainment dimension | 225 | .13 | 2.82 | −6 | 6 |
| | Controls |
| | Belgium | 229 | .26 | .44 | 0 | 1 | | Estonia | 229 | .21 | .40 | 0 | 1 | | Germany | 229 | .11 | .31 | 0 | 1 | | Italy | 229 | .21 | .41 | 0 | 1 | | Spain | 229 | .21 | .41 | 0 | 1 | | Sex child | 229 | .53 | .50 | 0 | 1 | | ISCED max. | 228 | 3.72 | 1.11 | 0 | 6 |
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