Journal of Obesity

Review Article

Weight Loss Maintenance in African American Women: A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention Literature

Table 2

Quality Rankings, Total Quality Score, Maintenance Phase Characteristics, and % Weight Loss Regained at Follow-up for African American Woman Enrolled in US Behavioral Lifestyle Interventions, 1990–2011 ( )*.
Author YearMaintenance
group		Study
design		Primary focus on weight controlFormal maintenance programCultural adaptationsTotal quality
score		Maintenance formatFrequency of maintenance sessions% Weight regain 12 M†% Weight regain 18 M†% Weight regain
> 18 M†, ††
Kumanyika et al. [44] 2002Weight Loss/Sodium Reduction422311Group and individual sessionsBiweekly then monthly AAW: 0%
CW: 6%		AAW: 7%
CW: 17%		AAW: 33%
CW: 30%
Kumanyika et al. [44] 2002Weight loss 422311Group and individual sessionsBiweekly then monthlyAAW: 0%
CW: 0%		AAW: 0%
CW:13%		AAW: 0%
CW: 21%
Kumanyika et al. [3] 2005Group HELP422311Group Biweekly then monthly49% 
Kumanyika et al. [3] 2005Self HELP422311Self-directed, 1 group session, some staff phone supportInfrequent 35% 
Kumanyika et al. [3] 2005Clinic only4223112-3 clinic visits onlySemi-annually12% 
Svetkey et al. [56] 2008Personal Contact422311Individual sessionMonthly AAW: 66%
CW: 49%
Svetkey et al. [56] 2008Internet422311Web-basedWeekly loginAAW: 80%
CW: 64%
Svetkey et al. [56] 2008Self 422311No contactNAAAW: 77%
CW: 71%
West et al. [11] 2008IL422311Individual At least monthlyAAW: 6%
CW: 0%		AAW: 17%
CW: 12%		AAW: 55%
CW: 44%
Kumanyika et al. [50] 2009Family High Support422311Group and individual sessionsBiweekly then monthly0%6%41%
Kumanyika et al. [50] 2009Family Low Support422311Group and individual sessionsBiweekly then monthly0%0%40%
Kumanyika et al. [50] 2009Individual High Support422311Group and individual sessionsBiweekly then monthly0%5%71%
Kumanyika et al. [50] 2009Individual Low Support422311Group and individual sessionsBiweekly then monthly35%12%6%
Fitzgibbon et al. [60] 2010Intervention 422311Group and individual sessionTwice weekly, weekly, then monthly33% 
Martin et al. [61] 2008Intervention 421310No contactNA0%64% 
Djuric et al. [62] 2009Diet and Spirituality322310Individual sessionsWeekly then biweekly30%
Djuric et al. [62] 2009Diet only322310Individual sessionsMonthly 15%
 
Kumanyika et al. [13]  1991Weight loss treatment arms42219Group and individual sessionsBimonthlyAAW: 46%
CW: 30%		AAW: 88%
CW: 64%		AAW: 215%
CW: 74%
Kumanyika et al. [13]  1991Weight loss treatments arms42219Group and individual sessionsMonthly AAW: 42%
CW: 27%		AAW: 89%
CW: 49%		 
Stevens et al. [65] 2001Intervention42219Group and individual session/mail and phone-based contactBiweekly then monthly AAW: 81%
CW: 53%		AAW: 123%
CW: 122%
Yancey et al. [67]‡ 2006Intervention41139No contact, free gym membershipNA NA 
West et al. [14] 2007MI 42219Group and individual sessionsBiweekly then monthly AAW: 15%
CW: 0%		AAW: 44%
CW: 17%		 
West et al. [14] 2007Attention control 42219Group and individual sessionsBiweekly then monthlyAAW: 34%
CW: 4%		AAW: 66%
CW: 38%		 
Rickel et al. [15]  2011Extended
Care		42219Individual sessionsBiweekly AAW: 28%
CW: 14%		 
Rickel et al. [15] 2011Self42219Newsletter onlyBiweekly AAW: 19%
CW: 39%		 
McNabb et al. [69] 1993Intervention 22127No contactNA0% 
Tsai et al.
[16]		 2010Intervention 32117Two visits with PCPQuarterlyAAW: 64%
CW: 52%		 
Banks-Wallace [70] 2007Intervention 11125No contactNA138% 
Total quality ranking score criteria: Study Design: RCT = 4; pilot RCT = 3; nonrandomized controlled trial = 2; single group design = 1; Primary intervention focus on weight control: 1 = No; 2 = Yes; Inclusion of a formal maintenance program: 1 = No; 2 = Yes; Cultural Adaptations: 1 = no adaptations; 2 = limited to recruitment of AA participants; 3 = studies reporting adapting intervention-related content and other adaptations such as cultural sensitivity staff training.
†% Weight change at follow-up time-points crudely calculated from data provided in the manuscripts.
††Svetkey et al., 2008 [56], % weight regain reported for 36-month follow-up; Kumanyika et al., 1991 [13], % weight regain reported for 36-month follow-up; Kumanyika et al., 2002 [44], % weight regain reported for 24-month follow-up; Kumanyika et al., 2009 [50], % weight regain reported for 24-month follow-up; Stevens et al., 2001 [65], % weight regain reported for 36-month follow-up.
‡No weight loss achieved during intensive intervention phase, therefore, no weight regain to report.
AAW: African American Women; CW: Caucasian Women; IL: Intensive Lifestyle; M: Month; NA: Not Applicable; PCP: Primary Care Provider.