Effects of Exercise in the Treatment of Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses

Table 2

Overall findings of included meta-analyses.

Meta-analyses	ES/participants (No.)	Mean (95% CI)	Q (p)	𝐼^2 (%)	PI (95%)
Atlantis et al. [42]
(i) Percent fat (SMD)	9/369	−0.4 (−0.7, −0.1)	15.5 (0.05)*	48.4	−1.3, 0.5
(ii) BMI	3/71	−1.2 (−3.1, 0.8)	—	—	NA
(iii) Body weight (kg)	11/334	−2.7 (−6.1, 0.8)	17.9 (0.07)	44.1	NA
(iv) Central obesity (SMD)	4/156	−0.2 (−0.5, 0.06)	1.4 (0.70)	0	NA
McGovern et al. [43]
(i) Percent fat (SMD)	6/358	−0.5 (−0.7, −0.3)	2.2 (0.81)	0	−0.8, −0.2
(ii) BMI-related (SMD)	11/433	−0.02 (−0.21, 0.18)	9.4 (0.49)	0	NA

Notes: No: Number; ES: effect size; CI: confidence intervals; Q: Cochran’s Q statistic and associated alpha (p) value for heterogeneity; 𝐼²: I-squared statistic for heterogeneity; PI: prediction intervals, based on a random effects model; SMD: standardized mean difference; central obesity measures derived from waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue; BMI-related measures include body mass index (BMI) in kg/m², BMI z-score, BMI percentile, and percent overweight, adjusted for height. NA: not applicable; —: insufficient data to calculate; mean (95% CI) based on random effects model; boldfaced values indicate continuous data with non-overlapping confidence intervals; ∗statistically significant, P ≤ 0.05.