Gender Differences in the Appetite Response to a Satiating Diet

Table 3

Characteristics of men and premenopausal women before the 4-week fully controlled Mediterranean diet intervention.

	Men ()		Women ()		Gender difference
	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	value
Age (years)	42.6	1.2	41.2	1.3	0.42
Body weight (kg)	91.6	2.2	78.0	2.6	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m^2)	29.0	0.5	29.6	1.0	0.87
Daily energy needs (kcal)	3169	493	2476	261	<0.0001
Energy expenditure from physical activity (kcal/kg⋅day)	4.96	1.01	1.88	0.53	0.009
Restraint	7.7	0.6	8.4	0.7	0.46
Rigid restraint	2.2	0.3	2.3	0.3	0.69
Flexible restraint	2.3	0.2	2.9	0.3	0.06
Disinhibition	6.0	0.4	6.8	0.5	0.18
Situational susceptibility to disinhibition	2.8	0.2	2.9	0.3	0.80
Emotional susceptibility to disinhibition	0.8	0.2	1.5	0.2	0.008
Habitual susceptibility to disinhibition	0.7	0.2	0.8	0.2	0.60
Susceptibility to hunger	4.7	0.6	4.3	0.5	0.58
Internal hunger	1.9	0.3	1.3	0.3	0.15
External hunger	1.9	0.3	2.0	0.2	0.88

Dietary restraint, score 0 to 21; disinhibition, score 0 to 16; susceptibility to hunger, score 0 to 14; rigid and flexible restraint, score 0 to 7; situational and habitual susceptibility to disinhibition, score 0 to 5; emotional susceptibility to disinhibition, score 0 to 3; and internal and external hunger, score 0 to 6. A higher score represents a higher level of this particular eating behavioral trait.
Differences between men and premenopausal women were assessed by Student’s -test.
These characteristics have been reported in a previous publication [9].
Analysis was performed on transformed values.
Physical activity level: missing value for one man and one woman.
Flexible restraint: missing value for one man.
Habitual susceptibility to disinhibition: missing value for one man.