Early Life Cognitive Abilities and Body Weight: Cross-Sectional Study of the Association of Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, and Sustained Attention with BMI Percentiles in Primary School Children
Table 1
Descriptive characteristics of the Baden-Württemberg Study sample and the KiTAP subsamples.
Weight group, international reference data, (%) [38]
Underweight Overweight Obese
78 (4.0) 190 (10.0) 74 (3.9)
50 (10.0) 46 (9.2) 15 (3.0)
35 (11.8) 22 (7.4) 4 (1.3)
TV consumption > 60 minutes/day, (%)
242 (14.3)
254
65 (14.9)
61
37 (12.5)
Days/week with at least 60 minutes MVPA, m (sd)
2.7 (1.7)
321
2.8 (1.7)
81
2.8 (1.7)
SSB consumption > once/week, (%)
416 (24.4)
242
95 (21.6)
58
58 (19.5)
Never/rarely having breakfast, (%)
223 (13.0)
237
60 (13.7)
58
35 (11.8)
Parental characteristics
Tertiary parent education level, (%)
522 (32.2)
324
148 (35.4)
80
115 (38.7)
Migration background, (%)
525 (31.9)
298
156 (36.4)
70
97 (32.7)
Mother’s BMI
24.1 (4.5)
361
23.9 (4.5)
89
24.1 (4.8)
Father’s BMI
28.5 (4.1)
481
27.9 (3.9)
121
27.8 (4.0)
Note.aCases with complete data on cognitive, anthropometric, sociodemographic, family, and lifestyle variables. MVPA = moderate to vigorous physical activity. SSB = sugar-sweetened beverages.