Research Article

Counting Footsteps with a Pedometer to Improve HMW Adiponectin and Metabolic Syndrome among Young Female Adults in the United Arab Emirates

Table 3

Comparisons of the means of obesity measures, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters in participants with normal and high BMIs before and after intervention ().

BMI = 18–24.9 kg/m2 ()BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 ()
Average steps/day7488.49 ± 10986739.18 ± 1793
VariablesBaselineAfter 9 weeks valueBaselineAfter 9 weeks value

Body mass index (kg/m2)22.6 ± 1.322.4 ± 1.40.00231.1 ± 4.830.8 ± 4.60.029
Body fat mass (kg)18.9 ± 3.518.3 ± 30.03236.6 ± 10.235.3 ± 10.60.032
Fat-free mass (kg)39.2 ± 3.039.5 ± 3.00.32943.6 ± 4.9744.16 ± 5.90.20
Percentage of body fat (%)32.6 ± 4.332.0 ± 3.60.26645.1 ± 5.143.6 ± 7.10.024
Waist-hip ratio0.85 ± 0.00.84 ± 0.030.0020.95 ± 0.040.94 ± 0.050.185
Waist circumference (cm)70.8 ± 6.870.4 ± 5.80.64488.3 ± 12.786.26 ± 11.70.001
Visceral fat area (cm2)74.2 ± 1673.3 ± 13.80.63115.7 ± 30110.7 ± 27.70.034
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)110.8 ± 6.6112.7 ± 4.30.14116 ± 7115.66 ± 4.70.84
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)73.2 ± 6.373.1 ± 4.50.9277 ± 4.776.26 ± 4.80.52
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)118.9 ± 20.9115.6 ± 21. 80.50124.5 ± 24.8121 ± 32.80.45
Triglycerides (mg/dl)54.3 ± 12.557.72 ± 22.50.2871.6 ± 29.262.5 ± 29.160.003
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)44.4 ± 646.80 ± 11.10.1646.30 ± 9.547.89 ± 12.90.55
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)63.6 ± 17.457.23 ± 13.70.08763.92 ± 18.760.58 ± 21.60.117
High-molecular-weight adiponectin (μg/ml)4.5 ± 0.34.62 ± 0.10.0993.77 ± 0.43.80 ± 0.40.034
Glucose (mg/dl)71.6 ± 9.469.77 ± 9.90.36373.36 ± 8.475.16 ± 11.10.346
Insulin (µU/l)17.1 ± 8.117.5 ± 8.70.8921.7 ± 8.318.64 ± 8.20.046
HOMA-IR3.03 ± 1.53.1 ± 2.00.843.99 ± 1.73.60 ± 2.10.248

indicates insignificant difference.