Counting Footsteps with a Pedometer to Improve HMW Adiponectin and Metabolic Syndrome among Young Female Adults in the United Arab Emirates

Table 4

Comparisons of means of obesity measures, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters in participants who walked more than and less than average steps per day (7056 steps) before and after intervention ().

	Participants who walked > 7056 steps/day ()			Participants who walked < 7056 steps/day ()
Average steps/day	8243.6 ± 843			6038.4 ± 1313
Variables	Baseline	After 9 weeks	value	Baseline	After 9 weeks	value
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	25.1 ± 3.8	25.0 ± 4.0	0.20	29.5 ± 6.1	29.1 ± 5.9	0.003
Body fat mass (kg)	24.3 ± 8.2	23.3 ± 8.3	0.08	33.2 ± 13.1	32.2 ± 4.9	<0.001
Fat-free mass (kg)	40.7 ± 4.3	41.5 ± 6.3	0.16	42.6 ± 4.9	42.7 ± 4.5	0.47
Percentage of body fat (%)	36.9 ± 6.6	35.7 ± 7.2	0.17	42.3 ± 7.9	41.3 ± 8.2	0.001
Waist-hip ratio	0.87 ± 0.05	0.86 ± 0.05	0.046	0.93 ± 0.05	0.93 ± 0.05	0.31
Waist circumference (cm)	75.1 ± 9.8	75.3 ± 10.5	0.12	85.8 ± 14.7	83.2 ± 12.9	<0.001
Visceral fat area (cm^2)	84.6 ± 23.2	84.7 ± 24.9	0.94	109.7 ± 34.8	103.5 ± 30.5	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	114.4 ± 6.9	114.7 ± 4.7	0.79	113.2 ± 7.6	114.1 ± 4.7	0.61
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	76.2 ± 4.7	75.3 ± 4.8	0.32	74.6 ± 6.5	74.6 ± 5.4	1
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	121.3 ± 19.9	112.2 ± 24.1	0.08	122.9 ± 26.0	124.2 ± 31.2	0.76
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	60.5 ± 26.6	53.0 ± 23.1	0.03	67.5 ± 23.5	66.8 ± 27.7	0.82
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	46.0 ± 6.8	44.6 ± 11.0	0.49	45.07 ± 9.3	49.8 ± 12.5	0.07
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	63.2 ± 17.9	57.0 ± 14.8	0.07	64.3 ± 18.4	61.0 ± 21.4	0.14
High-molecular-weight adiponectin (µg/ml)	4.27 ± 0.44	4.36 ± 0.4	0.12	3.93 ± 0.6	3.96 ± 0.5	0.004
Glucose (mg/dl)	71.38 ± 7.5	71.95 ± 9.3	0.78	73.7 ± 9.7	73.6 ± 9.7	0.99
Insulin (µU/l)	19.3 ± 8.8	17.8 ± 8.2	0.47	20.1 ± 8.3	18.4 ± 8.7	0.38
HOMA-IR	3.43 ± 1.7	3.25 ± 1.8	0.67	3.71 ± 1.7	3.52 ± 2.2	0.62

indicates insignificant difference.