Effects of a Meal Replacement on Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters among Subjects with Overweight or Obesity
Table 3
Characteristics of metabolic parameters factors before and after interventiona.
Intervention group ()
Mean percent reduction (%)
for trendb
c
Control group ()
Mean percent reduction (%)
for trendb
c
d
Time 1
Time 2
Time 3
Time 4
Time 1
Time 2
Time 3
Time 4
SBP (mmHg)
Male
136.6 ± 16.4
130.8 ± 15.9
133.3 ± 15.5
130.3 ± 15.0
−3.7 ± 6.9
<0.001
<0.001
132.6 ± 12.3
131.7 ± 9.6
130.0 ± 12.3
129.7 ± 12.7
−1.3 ± 7.4
0.184
0.104
0.923
Female
121.7 ± 15.2
122.3 ± 14.0
123.8 ± 19.7
121.5 ± 14.7
1.3 ± 18.4
0.678
0.954
120.1 ± 17.1
122.3 ± 15.7
123.7 ± 15.6
123.6 ± 16.4
3.2 ± 11.1
0.084
0.039
0.407
Total
128.9 ± 17.4
126.5 ± 15.4
128.4 ± 18.3
125.8 ± 15.4
−1.1 ± 14.4
0.078
0.055
125.2 ± 16.4
126.2 ± 14.2
126.3 ± 14.6
126.1 ± 15.2
1.4 ± 9.9
0.760
0.479
0.695
DBP (mmHg)
Male
89.6 ± 11.6
85.3 ± 9.6
86.2 ± 10.4
83.8 ± 9.4
−5.3 ± 7.7
<0.001
<0.001
88.6 ± 11.9
86.1 ± 8.3
85.7 ± 8.8
83.8 ± 9.7
−3.9 ± 10.4
0.024
0.012
0.755
Female
79.5 ± 11.0
79.4 ± 10.7
79.8 ± 11.4
76.3 ± 10.4
−2.5 ± 16.7
0.060
0.053
77.9 ± 12.9
78.4 ± 11.8
79.5 ± 10.7
79.2 ± 11.9
2.0 ± 12.8
0.527
0.285
0.228
Total
84.4 ± 12.3
82.3 ± 10.5
82.9 ± 11.3
79.9 ± 10.6
−3.8 ± 13.3
<0.001
<0.001
82.3 ± 13.5
81.8 ± 11.1
82.0 ± 10.4
81.1 ± 11.2
−0.4 ± 12.1
0.599
0.271
0.368
GLU (mmol/L)
Male
5.8 ± 1.2
5.6 ± 1.1
5.4 ± 1.3
5.5 ± 1.5
−5.1 ± 10.4
0.011
0.006
5.4 ± 1.1
5.6 ± 0.9
5.5 ± 0.9
5.4 ± 1.2
−0.7 ± 10.6
0.079
0.670
0.743
Female
5.5 ± 1.7
5.3 ± 1.2
5.3 ± 1.5
5.2 ± 1.2
−4.4 ± 9.4
0.015
0.011
5.5 ± 1.2
5.5 ± 1.0
5.4 ± 1.0
5.3 ± 1.3
−4.2 ± 9.0
0.090
0.004
0.733
Total
5.6 ± 1.5
5.4 ± 1.2
5.4 ± 1.4
5.3 ± 1.3
−4.7 ± 9.8
<0.001
<0.001
5.5 ± 1.1
5.5 ± 1.0
5.4 ± 1.0
5.4 ± 1.3
−2.7 ± 9.8
0.033
0.020
0.964
TC (mmol/L)
Male
4.9 ± 1.0
4.8 ± 1.0
4.7 ± 1.0
4.9 ± 1.0
0.5 ± 17.6
0.190
0.448
4.7 ± 0.9
4.8 ± 0.7
4.7 ± 0.8
4.8 ± 0.8
2.4 ± 9.9
0.462
0.302
0.667
Female
4.8 ± 0.8
4.7 ± 0.8
4.6 ± 1.0
4.7 ± 0.8
−0.7 ± 8.6
0.042
0.146
4.6 ± 0.9
4.6 ± 0.9
4.6 ± 1.0
4.7 ± 1.0
3.9 ± 12.2
0.240
0.558
0.984
Total
4.9 ± 0.9
4.8 ± 0.9
4.7 ± 1.0
4.8 ± 0.9
−0.2 ± 13.3
0.007
0.177
4.6 ± 0.9
4.7 ± 0.9
4.7 ± 0.9
4.7 ± 0.9
3.3 ± 11.3
0.200
0.042
0.734
TG (mmol/L)
Male
1.9 ± 0.8
1.9 ± 1.3
2.0 ± 1.1
1.9 ± 1.2
−3.8 ± 35.8
0.585
0.653
2.4 ± 1.4
1.9 ± 1.4
2.1 ± 1.3
2.0 ± 1.1
−11.1 ± 34.6
0.015
0.003
0.848
Female
1.5 ± 0.7
1.3 ± 0.5
1.3 ± 0.6
1.4 ± 0.9
−1.6 ± 38.3
0.425
0.396
1.5 ± 0.8
1.4 ± 0.8
1.4 ± 09
1.4 ± 1.0
3.3 ± 39.1
0.710
0.768
0.705
Total
1.7 ± 0.8
1.6 ± 1.0
1.7 ± 1.0
1.6 ± 1.1
−2.6 ± 36.9
0.566
0.397
1.9 ± 1.2
1.6 ± 1.1
1.7 ± 1.1
1.7 ± 1.1
−3.0 ± 37.7
0.028
0.014
0.903
HDL-C (mmol/L)
Male
1.2 ± 0.4
1.4 ± 0.6
1.1 ± 0.3
1.2 ± 0.2
9.2 ± 38.4
0.023
0.543
1.1 ± 0.3
1.5 ± 0.8
1.2 ± 0.4
1.1 ± 0.2
5.7 ± 11.4
0.006
0.403
0.785
Female
1.3 ± 0.2
1.4 ± 0.4
1.2 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.3
−2.0 ± 11.5
0.111
0.451
1.2 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.5
1.3 ± 0.3
1.3 ± 0.2
6.4 ± 14.4
0.188
0.019
0.438
Total
1.2 ± 0.3
1.4 ± 0.5
1.2 ± 0.3
1.2 ± 0.3
3.0 ± 27.4
0.004
0.747
1.2 ± 0.3
1.4 ± 0.6
1.2 ± 0.4
1.2 ± 0.3
6.1 ± 13.1
0.003
0.021
0.584
LDL-C (mmol/L)
Male
3.0 ± 0.8
3.1 ± 0.8
2.9 ± 0.6
3.0 ± 0.7
1.7 ± 18.7
0.236
0.857
2.8 ± 0.6
3.0 ± 0.6
2.8 ± 0.6
2.9 ± 0.6
4.5 ± 18.5
0.003
0.004
0.648
Female
2.9 ± 0.6
3.1 ± 0.6
2.8 ± 0.7
2.9 ± 0.6
−0.3 ± 10.7
<0.001
0.132
2.7 ± 0.7
2.9 ± 0.7
2.8 ± 0.7
2.9 ± 0.8
6.7 ± 19.3
0.007
0.004
0.681
Total
3.0 ± 0.7
3.1 ± 0.7
2.9 ± 0.7
2.9 ± 0.6
0.6 ± 14.7
0.001
0.385
2.8 ± 0.7
3.0 ± 0.7
2.8 ± 0.6
2.9 ± 0.7
5.7 ± 18.9
<0.001
<0.001
0.992
aData are given as means (SD); bdata were analyzed by repeated measurements; cdata analyzed by paired-samples T-test between time 1 and time 4; ddata analyzed by T-test between the intervention group and control group at time 4. SPB: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; GLU: fasting glucose; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. indicates statistical significance.
