Impact of Experimentally Induced Cognitive Dietary Restraint on Eating Behavior Traits, Appetite Sensations, and Markers of Stress during Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Women

Table 5

Dietary intakes in women from the CDR+ and CDR− groups^a,b.

	CDR+		CDR−
	T = 0 week ()	T = 16 weeks ()	T = 0 week ()	T = 16 weeks ()	Group	Time	Group ∗ time
Energy (kJ)	10,326 ± 2,992	9,226 ± 3,185	9,825 ± 2,662	8,856 ± 2,721	0.5516	0.0049	0.8273
Fruits and vegetables^†	7.1 ± 2.9	8.9 ± 4.4	5.8 ± 2.3	8.0 ± 4.6	0.1391	0.0004	0.4699
Dairy products	2.6 ± 1.4	2.2 ± 1.2	2.4 ± 1.2	2.5 ± 1.4	0.7938	0.2938	0.0689
Meat and alternatives	3.2 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 0.9	2.7 ± 1.0	0.2895	0.0698	0.6017
Grain products	5.5 ± 1.9	4.5 ± 1.5	5.6 ± 2.0	4.9 ± 1.9	0.4809	0.0002	0.8111
Cholesterol (mg)	345.6 ± 153.4	280.9 ± 101.4	298.4 ± 101.3	264.3 ± 101.7	0.2563	0.0016	0.2669
% total fat	36.8 ± 5.6	34.4 ± 5.2	35.9 ± 4.6	35.9 ± 5.1	0.8371	0.0921	0.1322
% saturated fatty acids	13.0 ± 2.2	11.5 ± 2.1	12.1 ± 2.1	12.1 ± 2.4	0.7357	0.0171	0.0303
Sodium (mg)	3,496 ± 928	3,082 ± 996	3,429 ± 1,026	3,075 ± 976	0.9979	0.0032	0.6375

CDR+: with experimentally induced cognitive dietary restraint; CDR−: without experimentally induced cognitive dietary restraint. ^aResults were obtained with a validated FFQ. For food groups, results are presented as the mean number of portions per day according to Canadian food guide portion sizes for fruits and vegetables, dairy products, meat and alternatives, and grain product intakes. No data were presented at T = 4 weeks since dietary intakes were fully controlled during the 4-week intervention. Outliers were excluded using the Outlier Labeling Rule with a 2.2 interquartile range (IQR) multiplier [64]. ^bAll values are means ±SD. ^†Analyses were performed on log transformed values.