Journal of Obesity

Review Article

The Chronic Effect of Interval Training on Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Participant and intervention characteristics of included studies.


Reference	Population	Age (years)	BMI (kg/m²)	Duration (weeks)/sessions	HIIT/SIT protocol	MICT protocol	CON	Energy intake method

Ruffino et al. [47]	Male T2DM inactive	55	30.6	8/24 HIIT and 40 MICT	SIT: ; cycling, supervised ∼2 × 30 sec (all-out sprint) with 4 min active recovery. Total duration = ∼10 min	; cycling, supervised continuous (40–55% HRR). Total duration = 30 min	N/A	3-day food diary
Higgins et al. [51]	Female healthy inactive	20	30.3	6/18	SIT: ; cycling, supervised ∼5–7 × 30 sec (all-out sprint) with 4 min active recovery. Total duration = ∼25–38 min	; cycling, supervised continuous (60–70% HRR). Total duration = 20–30 min	N/A	24-hour recalls (3 days, automated)
Sim et al. [26]	Male healthy inactive	30	27.2	12/36	SIT: ; cycling, supervised 10 × 15 sec (170% VO_2peak) with 60 sec active recovery (30% VO_2peak). Total duration = 30–45 min	; cycling, supervised continuous (60% VO_2peak). Total duration = 30–45 min		2-day food diary
Keating et al. [19]	Male/female healthy inactive	43	28.3	12/36	SIT: ; cycling, supervised 6 × 30–60 sec (120% VO_2peak) with 2-3 min active recovery. Total duration = 20–24 min	; cycling, supervised continuous (50–65% VO_2peak). Total duration = 36–48 min		3-day food diary
Kong et al. [52]	Female healthy inactive	20	25.7	5/20	HIIT: ; cycling 60 × 8 sec (90% VO_2max) with 12 sec active recovery. Total duration = ∼20 min	; cycling continuous (65% VO_2peak). Total duration = 40 min	N/A	3-day food diary
Martins et al. [46]	Male/female healthy inactive	34	33.3	12/36	HIIT: ; cycling, supervised ∼60 × 8 sec (85–90% VO_2max) with 12 sec passive rest. Total duration = 20 min	; cycling, supervised continuous (70% VO_2peak). Total duration = 32 min	N/A	3-day food diary
Panissa et al. [24]	Female healthy untrained	28	24.6	6/18	HIIT: ; unknown mode, supervised 15 × 1 min (90% HR_max) with 30 sec active recovery (60% HR_max). Total duration = 22 min	; unknown mode, supervised continuous (70% HR_max). Total duration = 29 min	N/A	3-day food diary
Matsuo et al. [23]	Male metabolic syndrome inactive	48	27.6	8/24	HIIT: ; cycling, supervised 3 × 3 min (85% VO_2peak) with 2 min active recovery (50% VO_2peak). Total duration = 18 min	; cycling, supervised continuous (65% VO_2peak). Total duration = 45 min	N/A	3-day food diary (weighed)
Sasaki et al. [21]	Male healthy inactive	NR	23.9	4/12	HIIT: ; cycling 10 × 1 min (85% VO_2max) with 30 sec passive rest. Total duration = 14 min	; cycling continuous (45% VO_2peak). Total duration = 22 min	N/A	Self-administered diet history questionnaire

Earnest et al. [17]	Male metabolic syndrome inactive	48	30.9	6/18	HIIT: ; treadmill, supervised 8 × 2 min (90–95% VO_2max) with 2 min active recovery (50% VO_2max). Total duration = 12 kcal/kg/week	; treadmill, supervised continuous (50–70% VO_2max). Total duration = 12 kcal/kg/week	N/A	Food frequency questionnaire
Eimarieskandari et al. [20]	Female healthy inactive	22	29.6	8/24	HIIT: ; treadmill 4 × 4 min (85–95% HR_peak) with 3 min active recovery (50–70% HR_2peak). Total duration = 33 min	; treadmill continuous (50–70% HR_peak). Total duration = 36–41 min	N/A	7-day diet questionnaire
Wallman et al. [54]	Male/female healthy inactive	42	30.5	8/32	HIIT: ; cycling, supervised 10 × 60 sec (90% VO_2peak) with 2 min active recovery (30% VO_2peak). Total duration = 30 min	; cycling, supervised continuous (50–65% VO_2peak). Total duration = 30 min		7-day food diary
Trapp et al. [18]	Female healthy inactive	20	23.2	15/45	HIIT: ; cycling 60 × 8 sec (85% VO_2max) with 12 sec active recovery. Total duration = 20 min	; cycling continuous (60% VO_2peak). Total duration = 40 min		3-day food diary
Heydari et al. [50]	Male healthy inactive	25	29.0	12/36	HIIT: ; cycling, supervised 60 × 8 sec (85–90% HR_peak) with 12 sec active recovery. Total duration = 20 min	N/A		3-day food diary
Stensvold et al. [49]	Male/female metabolic syndrome inactive	50	31.8	12/36	HIIT: ; treadmill, supervised 4 × 4 min (90–95% HR_peak) with 3 min active recovery (70% HR_peak). Total duration = 43 min	N/A		Food frequency questionnaire
Walter et al. [53]	Female healthy active	22	23.6	6/18	HIIT: ; cycling, supervised 5 × 2 min (90–100% HR_max) with 1 min passive rest. Total duration = 19 min	N/A		24-hour recalls (3 days, manual)

BMI: body mass index; HIIT: high-intensity interval training; SIT: sprint interval training; HR_peak: peak heart rate; VO_2peak: peak oxygen consumption; MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training; CON: control.