Accuracy of Longitudinal Assessment of Visceral Adipose Tissue by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Children with Obesity
Table 1
Baseline clinical and anthropometric characteristics in (1) all participants, (2) participants with obesity, (3) healthy-weight participants, and (4) longitudinal change in anthropometric characteristics in participants with obesity.
All (n = 61)
Healthy-weight (n = 30)
Obese (n = 31)
Δ pre-post intervention (obese, n = 28)
Age
11.6 ± 2.0
11.8 ± 2.2
11.4 ± 1.9
Sex (F, %)
44.3
46.7
41.9
Tanner puberty stage (1–4)
2 (1.5–3)
2 (1–4)
2 (2‐3)
Height (cm)
154.7 ± 13.5
154.0 ± 14.9
155.3 ± 12.2
1.9 ± 1.1
Height z-score
0.94 ± 0.94
0.64 ± 1.00
1.23 ± 0.79
0.00 ± 0.12
Weight (kg)
58.4 ± 20.9
43.0 ± 10.8
73.3 ± 17.2
1.6 ± 3.0
Weight z-score
1.66 (0.30–2.55)
0.23 ± 0.58
2.49 ± 0.47
−0.04 ± 1.22
BMI (kg/m2)
24.2 (17.5–30.0)
17.8 ± 1.9
30.1 ± 4.3
0.0 ± 1.2
Body fat (%)
39.7 (25.8–46.9)
26.1 ± 7.3
47.7 ± 4.3
−1.1 ± 1.5
WC (cm)
76.2 (64.7–89.5)
64.1 ± 5.7
88.6 ± 2.5
−0.3 ± 2.4
WHR
0.82 ± 0.05
0.79 ± 0.04
0.85 ± 0.04
0.00 ± 0.03
WHtR
0.49 (0.41–0.57)
0.42 ± 0.03
0.57 ± 0.05
0.00 ± 0.02
Android fat (kg)
1.2 (0.5–2.7)
0.6 ± 0.3
2.8 ± 0.8
0.0 ± 0.2
Android fat (%)
39.3 (21.8–50.7)
23.3 ± 7.1
49.6 ± 4.3
−1.2 ± 2.2
MRI-VAT CSA (cm2)
39.0 (15.9–62.0)
17.4 ± 7.7
65.2 ± 23.5
−0.1 ± 14.2
MRI-VAT volume (cm3)
181.5 (76.9–295.6)
80.5 ± 34.1
314.8 ± 112.1
0.1 ± 64.6
MRI-VAT mass (g)
163.3 (69.3–266.0)
72.5 ± 30.7
238.2 ± 100.9
0.1 ± 58.2
DXA-VAT CSA (cm2)
62.5 (35.8–105.0)
34.0 ± 14.6
107.9 ± 28.3
−0.9 ± 12.6
DXA-VAT volume (cm3)
326.0 (186.8–547.5)
177.2 ± 76.1
562.5 ± 146.7
−4.7 ± 65.7
DXA-VAT mass (g)
301.5 (172.8–506.8)
163.9 ± 70.4
520.3 ± 136.6
−6.5 ± 63.3
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). F, female; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist to hip ratio; WHtR, waist to height ratio; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; CSA, cross-sectional area; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body fat (%), android fat (kg), and android fat (%) were calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. , for pre-post intervention within group difference.
