Change and Stability in Sibling Resemblance in Obesity Markers: The Portuguese Sibling Study on Growth, Fitness, Lifestyle, and Health

Table 4

Parameter estimates and variance components for each obesity marker.

Fixed effects	%BF	BMI	WC
	Estimate ± SE	Estimate ± SE	Estimate ± SE
Intercept (BB baseline)	22.63 ± 1.91	22.09 ± 0.95	71.57 ± 2.21
BB follow-up	−1.42 ± 1.55	−0.38 ± 0.80	−0.02 ± 2.09
SS baseline	4.06 ± 1.35	−1.04 ± 0.80	−4.87 ± 1.79
SS follow-up	5.88 ± 1.64	−0.70 ± 0.95	−4.58 ± 2.03
BS baseline	2.11 ± 1.25	−1.00 ± 0.59	−2.84 ± 1.47
BS follow-up	1.96 ± 1.33	−1.22 ± 0.65	−3.68 ± 1.55
Twins baseline	1.80 ± 1.05	0.39 ± 0.55	1.11 ± 1.21
Twins follow-up	0.72 ± 1.47	0.28 ± 0.78	−0.15 ± 1.65
Maturity offset	0.49 ± 0.23	0.86 ± 0.12	2.30 ± 0.27
Screen time	0.27 ± 0.14	0.10 ± 0.07	0.14 ± 0.16
Healthy diet	0.01 ± 0.02	0.00 ± 0.01	-0.02 ± 0.02
Unhealthy diet	−0.10 ± 0.02	−0.03 ± 0.01	-0.01 ± 0.02
Physical activity	−0.22 ± 0.15	−0.04 ± 0.10	−0.09 ± 0.22
Parental support for PA	−0.05 ± 0.05	−0.03 ± 0.03	−0.07 ± 0.06
Father occupation	−0.21 ± 0.15	0.02 ± 0.02	−0.03 ± 0.17
Mother occupation	−0.01 ± 0.14	−0.15 ± 0.08	−0.07 ± 0.06
Variance components (σ^2)
Between siblings’
BB baseline	16.82 ± 8.42	2.47 ± 2.14	22.82 ± 13.47
SS baseline	7.52 ± 4.35	4.63 ± 2.24	16.24 ± 8.85
BS baseline	0.87 ± 4.80	0.43 ± 0.92	0.32 ± 4.37
BB follow-up	12.59 ± 7.21	2.46 ± 2.27	27.94 ± 16.78
SS follow-up	11.57 ± 6.07	6.00 ± 2.93	16.59 ± 10.37
BS follow-up	0	1.11 ± 0.93	0
Within siblings’
BB baseline	20.20 ± 6.02	7.69 ± 2.23	39.22 ± 11.43
SS baseline	6.23 ± 2.33	2.80 ± 0.99	14.26 ± 5.04
BS baseline	29.67 ± 6.70	5.29 ± 1.20	27.04 ± 6.10
BB follow-up	19.83 ± 5.81	8.41 ± 2.39	49.66 ± 14.14
SS follow-up	8.04 ± 2.91	3.54 ± 1.32	18.94 ± 6.90
BS follow-up	32.20 ± 5.00	4.71 ± 1.04	25.19 ± 3.94
Log likelihood	−1026.99	−803.19	−1073.55

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