Development of a Dietary Factor Assessment Tool for Evaluating Associations between Visceral Fat Accumulation and Major Nutrients in Japanese Adults

Table 4

Estimated BMI and visceral fat area by quartiles of each dietary factor score in Survey 1.

		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	ANOVA^1	Q1 vs. Q4
Appetite	Male / Female	2468 / 445	2241 / 595	2058 / 779	1605 / 1247
	Age	44.1 ± 0.2	42.4 ± 0.2	40.5 ± 0.2	38.1 ± 0.2
	BMI^2	21.6 ± 0.1	22.2 ± 0.1	22.9 ± 0.1	23.5 ± 0.1	<0.001	<0.001
	Visceral fat^2	63 ± 1	68 ± 1	76 ± 1	81 ± 1	<0.001	<0.001
Healthy food choice	Male / Female	2324 / 604	2099 / 749	2015 / 794	1934 / 919
	Age	37.7 ± 0.2	40.4 ± 0.2	42.6 ± 0.2	44.6 ± 0.2
	BMI	22.5 ± 0.1	22.7 ± 0.1	22.6 ± 0.1	22.5 ± 0.1	0.016	n.s.
	Visceral fat	72 ± 1	74 ± 1	72 ± 1	69 ± 1	<0.01	<0.01
Sedentary behavior	Male / Female	2374 / 529	2141 / 644	2016 / 826	1841 / 1067
	Age	41.9 ± 0.2	42.0 ± 0.2	40.8 ± 0.2	40.5 ± 0.2
	BMI^2	22.1 ± 0.1	22.7 ± 0.1	22.7 ± 0.1	22.8 ± 0.1	<0.001	<0.001
	Visceral fat^2	58 ± 1	73 ± 1	76 ± 1	81 ± 1	<0.001	<0.001
Calorie restriction	Male / Female	2255 / 657	2055 / 730	2074 / 782	1988 / 897
	Age	40.2 ± 0.2	41.8 ± 0.2	42.1 ± 0.2	41.2 ± 0.2
	BMI^2	21.5 ± 0.1	22.6 ± 0.1	22.9 ± 0.1	23.2 ± 0.1	<0.001	<0.001
	Visceral fat^2	62 ± 1	74 ± 1	76 ± 1	76 ± 1	<0.001	<0.001
Irregular mealtime	Male / Female	1782 / 1004	2016 / 799	2200 / 701	2374 / 562
	Age	43.3 ± 0.2	42.4 ± 0.2	40.7 ± 0.2	38.8 ± 0.2
	BMI^2	22.3 ± 0.1	22.4 ± 0.1	22.7 ± 0.1	22.9 ± 0.1	<0.001	<0.001
	Visceral fat^2	68 ± 1	70 ± 1	74 ± 1	76 ± 1	<0.001	<0.001

Mean ± SE. ¹Fixed effect: quartiles of each dietary factor score; covariates: sex and age. ²Data were log-transformed for ANOVA.