Explaining the Inverse Association between Altitude and Obesity
Table 3
Contributions of selected variables to the variation in % adult obesity in 2016 across counties in the United States.
Variable
Parameter estimate
Standard error
F value
Pr > F
Partial R2 (%)
Model R2 (%)
F value
Pr > F
% adult physically inactive
0.32
0.02
306.71
<0.0001
31.32
31.32
1405.94
<0.0001
% adult smokers
0.25
0.04
46.66
<0.0001
5.55
36.87
271.07
<0.0001
Altitude-weighted
−0.0018
0.0003
40.41
<0.0001
2.17
39.04
109.71
<0.0001
Average daily sunlight (kJ/m2)
−0.0007
0.0001
30.67
<0.0001
1.60
42.46
85.32
<0.0001
Average daily precipitation (mm)
−1.13
0.13
76.09
<0.0001
1.02
40.07
52.62
<0.0001
% black
0.04
0.01
10.32
0.0013
0.79
40.86
41.31
<0.0001
% some college
−0.04
0.01
17.16
<0.0001
0.57
43.03
30.78
<0.0001
Median household income
−0.00005
0.00001
23.15
<0.0001
0.23
43.25
12.45
0.0004
Food Environment Index
−0.36
1.13
0.10
0.748
0.17
43.42
9.11
0.0026
% non-Hispanic white
−0.03
0.01
6.87
0.0088
0.10
43.67
5.58
0.0182
% female
0.06
0.04
3.01
0.0831
0.08
43.50
4.20
0.0405
Average daily max air temperature (F)
0.04
0.02
2.91
0.088
0.03
43.53
1.69
0.1931
% Hispanic
−0.05
0.02
9.03
0.0027
0.03
43.56
1.85
0.1743
% food insecure
−0.17
0.21
0.68
0.4107
0.03
43.72
1.50
0.2209
Average daily PM2.5
0.07
0.06
1.58
0.2089
0.02
43.69
1.31
0.2516
% limited access to healthy foods
−0.06
0.10
0.33
0.5665
0.01
43.72
0.33
0.5658
% rural
−0.001
0.003
0.06
0.8093
0.00
43.73
0.06
0.8093
Note. R2 is a measure of the proportion of the variance for a dependent variable that is explained by an independent variable or variables within a regression model. Partial R2 measures the marginal contribution of a given independent variable when another variable is already included in the model. Model R2 is a measure of the cumulative partial R2 values, increasing with each additional variable added to the model.
