Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy

Table 4

Studies investigating the relationship between hypertension and risk for ARM.

Study	No. of cases	Measure of risk factor	Type of ARM	Odds ratio or relative risk	95% confidence interval
Cross-Sectional Studies
Hisayama Study [51]	1482	Hypertension (history or examination)	ARM	1.58	1.03–2.41 (Males)
Pathologies Oculaires Liees a L’Age [122]	2584	Systolic BP (per 10 mm of Hg)	Late ARM	1.19	0.98–1.43
		Diastolic BP (per 10 mm of Hg)	Late ARM	0.98	0.72–1.35
Blue Mountains Eye Study [24, 26]	3654	Previous diagnosis or systolic BP > 160 mm Hg or diastolic BP > 90 mm Hg	Early ARM	0.88	0.67–1.16
			Late ARM	1.06	0.63–1.79
Beaver Dam Eye Study [110]	4926	Hypertension	Neovascular AMD	0.79	0.44–1.42
			Geographic atrophy	1.07	0.46–2.47
Prospective Studies
Pooled data: Beaver Dam Eye Study/Blue Mountains Eye Study/Rotterdam Study [23, 26]	9523	Systolic blood pressure (per 2 mm of Hg)	Late ARM	1.03	0.94–1.13
		Diastolic blood pressure (per 10 mm of Hg)	Late ARM	0.95	0.79–1.16
Rotterdam Study [23, 123, 124]	4822	Elevated systolic blood pressure (per 10 mm Hg increase)	ARM	1.06	1.01–1.12
		Pulse pressure (per 10 mm Hg increase)	ARM	1.09	1.02–1.15
Beaver Dam Eye Study [125, 126]	2764	High systolic blood pressure at baseline	Retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation	1.10	1.01–1.18
			Neovascular AMD	1.22	1.06–1.41