|
Author/year | Total: male (%)/female (%); value | Age: mean SD (range, years) | Race or region | Reference |
|
Ohno et al./1977 | 51: 23 (45.1)/28 (54.9) | NA | African American: 13.7% Oriental: 29.4% American Indian: 7.8% Spanish American: 15.7% White: 29.4% Others: 2 (3.9%) | [12] |
|
Snyder and Tessler/1980 | 20: 8 (40)/12 (60) | 39.7 (10–56) | African American: 11 (55%) Hispanic: 7 (35%) White: 2 (10%) | [10] |
|
Belfort Jr. et al./1988 | 33: 10 (30)/23 (70) | NA | White: 60% Darkly pigmented: 24% Sansei: 9% African American: 6% | [35] |
|
Sasamoto et al./1990 | 47: 29 (61.7)/18 (38.3) | 41.1 (14–64) | Japan | [38] |
|
Beniz et al./1991 | 48: 15 (31.2)/33 (68.8) | (15–78) | Hispanic: 75% White: 10.4% African American: 4.2% Oriental: 10.4% | [28] |
|
Rubsamen and Gass/1991 | 22: 5 (22.7)/17 (77.3) | 35 (13–73) | Hispanic: 54% African American: 23% White: 14% Oriental: 9% | [29] |
|
Moorthy et al./1995 | 65: 17 (26.2)/48 (73.8) | 32 (7–71) | Hispanic: 51 (78%) Asian: 6 (10%) African American: 4 (6%) Native American: 1 (1.5%) White: 2 (3%) Asian Indian: 1 (1.5%) | [13] |
|
Lertsumitkul et al./1999 | 75: 16 (21.3)/59 (78.7) | (11–72) | White/native American: 22.7% African/native: American: 52.0% Hispanic: 12.0% Oriental: 12.0% Asian Indian: 1.3% | [7] |
|
Sheu et al./2003 | 39: 21 (53.8)/18 (46.2) | | Taiwan | [75] |
|
Wakabayashi et al./2003 | 19: 5 (26.3)/14 (73.7) | NA | Japanese | [33] |
|
Sheu et al./2004 | 31: 19 (61.3)/12 (38.7) | (20–63) | Taiwan Chinese | [76] |
|
Tesavibul and Sansanayuth/2005 | 33: 12 (36.4)/21 (63.6) | (17–67) | Thai | [48] |
|
Sukavatcharin et al./2007 | 48: 18 (37.5)/30 (62.5) | | Hispanic | [37] |
|
Chee et al./2007 | 89: 38 (42.1)/51 (57.9) | (SE) | Chinese: 75.28% Malays: 14.61% Indians: 5.62% Others: 4.49%; | [46] |
|
Khairallah et al./2007 | 49: 17 (34.7)/32 (65.3) | 35 (16–54) | North Africa | [32] |
|
Murthy et al./2007 | 45: 7 (15.6)/38 (84.4) | (14–63) | South India | [34] |
|
Tugal-Tutkun et al./2007 | 45: 13 (28.9)/32 (71.1) | (4–65) | Turkish | [36] |
|
Kiyomoto et al./2007 | 68: 29 (42.6)/39 (57.4) | (16–71) | Japanese | [77] |
|
Al-Kharashi et al./2007 | 68: 17 (25)/51 (75) | (7–55) | Saudi Arabia | [31] |
|
Hou et al./2008* | 231: 128 (55.4)/103 (44.6) | | Chinese | [40] |
|
Chee et al./2009 | 67: 27 (40.3)/40 (59.7) | 42.3 (5.4–70.9) | Chinese: 79.1% Others: 20.9% | [47] |
|
Lai et al./2009 | 35: 18 (51.4)/17 (48.6) | (10–72) | Hong Kong Chinese | [78] |
|
Iqniebi et al./2009 | 30: 12 (40)/18 (60) | NA | Saudi Arabia | [69] |
|
Meng et al./2009* | 247: 138 (55.9)/109 (44.1) | 33.6 | Chinese | [41] |
|
Hou et al./2009* | 307: 171 (55.7)/136 (44.3) | | Chinese | [39] |
|
Hu et al./2010* | 379: 197 (51.9)/182 (48.1) | | Chinese | [43] |
|
Chee et al./2010 | 28: 13 (46.4)/15 (53.6) | 42.2 (median) (16–77) | Chinese: 64.3% Malays: 21.5% Indians: 7.1% Others 7.1% | [79] |
|
Jiang et al./2010* | 382: 210 (55)/172 (45) | | Chinese | [42] |
|
Shu et al./2010* | 385: 201 (52.2)/184 (47.8) | | Chinese | [44] |
|
Alez et al./2011 | 76: 16 (21.1)/60 (78.9) | 42.1 (11–76) | Mexican Mestizos | [9] |
|
Al-Halafi et al./2011 | 256: 95 (37.1)/161 (62.9) | | Saudi Arabia | [8] |
|
Chen et al./2012* | 519: 290 (55.9)/229 (44.1) | | Chinese | [11] |
|
Yang et al./2012 | 38: 17 (44.7)/21 (55.3) | | Hong Kong Chinese | [80] |
|
Chen et al./2012* | 451: 243 (53.9)/208 (46.1) | | Chinese | [45] |
|
Morita et al./2013 | 85: 37 (43.5)/48 (56.5) | | Japanese | [81] |
|
Alam et al./2013 | 9: 4 (44.4)/5 (55.6) | 28 (16–43) | Pakistanis: | [49] |
|