Ischemic Retinal Vasculitis and Its Management

Table 1

Cause of retinal vasculitis according to the type of vessels involved and association with retinal ischemia.

	Mainly involve arteries	Mainly involve veins	Associated with retinal ischemia
Infectious disorders	Acute retinal necrosis; Toxoplasmosis; Cat scratch disease; West Nile virus	Tuberculous hypersensitivity; Syphilis; CMV; HIV; Rift Valley fever virus; HTLV-1	Tuberculous hypersensitivity; West Nile virus
Noninfectious disorders	SLE; APHA; Takayasu’s disease; IRVAN; GPA; Churg-Strauss syndrome; Crohn’s disease; Polyarteritis nodosa; Susac syndrome; Dermatomyositis	Behçet’s disease; Sarcoidosis; Multiple sclerosis; Birdshot chorioretinopathy; APMPPE; Pars planitis; HLAB27 associated uveitis	Behçet’s disease; Sarcoidosis; Multiple sclerosis; SLE; APHA; Takayasu’s disease; IRVAN; GPA; Dermatomyositis; Churg-Strauss syndrome; Crohn’s disease; Polyarteritis nodosa; Susac syndrome; Idiopathic retinal vasculitis

SLE: systemic lopus erythematosus; APHA: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; IRVAN: idiopathic retinal vasculitis, arteriolar macroaneurysms, and neuroretinitis; CMV: cytomegalovirus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HTLV-1: human T-cell lymphoma virus type 1; APMPPE: acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy; GPA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis.