Review Article

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Dry Eye Symptom in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of population-based studies on the prevalence of DES.

Article numberFirst author, publication yearProvinceGeographical area (latitude-longitude)Rural/urbanAge range (year)Sample size ()Case ()ChecklistDiagnosis standardSampling schemePrevalence definitionResponse rate (%)Total score

1Zhuang 2012 [7]GuangdongSouthern-EasternRural14–902475154 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (4) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–4) yesyes88.395
2Xiao 2009 [8]GuangxiSouthern-WesternUrbanover 20106871179 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (4) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–4) yesyes92.045
3Sun 2010 [9]LiaoningNorthern-EasternRural20–801133336 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (4) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–4) yesnoN/A3
4Hu 2009 [10]Inner MongoliaNorthern-CentralRural/urbanover 4012537595 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (4) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–4) yesnoN/A3
5Tian 2009 [11]ShanghaiSouthern-EasternUrban 60–90746185 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (4) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–4) yesyes93.255
6Zhang 2010 [12]ShanghaiSouthern-EasternUrban45–751601219 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (4) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–4) yesyesN/A4
7Tian 2009 [13]ShanghaiSouthern-EasternUrban20–951085326 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (4) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–4) yesyes85.75
8Chu 2011 [14]AnhuiSouthern-CentralUrban50–95849178 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (5) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–5) yesyes90.685
9Jie 2009 [15]BeijingNorthern-EasternRural/urban40–1014439411 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (5) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–5) yesyes83.45
10Lu 2008 [16]QinghaiNorthern-WesternRuralover 402229965 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (5) SITSignificant symptoms for dry eyeyesyes84.695
11Guo 2010 [17]QinghaiNorthern-WesternRural40–911816909 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (5) SITSignificant symptoms for dry eyeyesyes84.95
12Liu 2011 [18]BeijingNorthern-EasternUrban20–901997122 (1) signs, (2) BUT, (3) FL, (5) SIT (1) combined with two of (2–5) noyesN/A3

BUT: break-up time; NA: not available; CI: confidence interval; SIT: Schirmer I test; FL: fluorescein score.