Costs and Quality of Life in Diabetic Macular Edema: Canadian Burden of Diabetic Macular Edema Observational Study (C-REALITY)
Table 1
Baseline patient characteristics.
Characteristic*
Patients ()
Males, (%)
76 (52.4)
Age (years),
Mean (SD)
63.7 (10.7)
Min, median, max
30, 65, 86
Diabetes, (%)
Type 1
25 (17.2)
Type 2
118 (81.4)
Missing
2 (0.8)
Diabetes duration (years), mean (SD)
Type 1
26.8 (13.3)
Type 2
16.2 (9.0)
HbA1c, mean (SD) ()
7.7 (2.0)
Type of diabetic retinopathy, (%) ()
Proliferative
37 (25.5)
Nonproliferative
106 (73.1)
Proliferative and nonproliferative
1 (0.7)
Missing
1 (0.7)
Type of DME, # of eyes, (%) ()
Focal
152 (61.0)
Diffuse
91 (36.5)
Focal and diffuse
4 (1.6)
Missing
2 (0.8)
CSME diagnosis, (%)
Both eyes
104 (71.7)
Right eye only
16 (11.0)
Left eye only
25 (17.2)
VA severity, (%)
Normal/mild (VA 20/10 to >20/80)
92 (63.4)
Moderate (VA ≤20/80 to >20/200)
15 (10.4)
Severe/nearly blind (VA ≤20/200)
38 (26.2)
Drug plan, (%)
Government plan
65 (44.88)
Employer/private plan
73 (50.3)
No plan
9 (6.2)
Missing
4 (2.8)
All characteristics were extracted from medical charts with the exception of HbA1c and drug plan which were patient-reported. One patient reported “proliferative” in left eye and “nonproliferative” in right eye. Two patients reported both focal and diffuse in each eye. Severity is based on VA at baseline in the worst eyes if both eyes were diagnosed with DME. Patients may report more than one plan. CSME: clinically significant macular edema; DME: diabetic macular edema; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.
