Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Aggressive or Protective Factor for the Retina? Evaluation of Macular Thickness and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layers Using High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography

Table 1

Comparison of clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal, and inflammatory characteristics between PCOS and control groups.

	PCOS group	Control group
Age (years)	26.6 ± 4.7	26.8 ± 4.2	0.787^1
Body mass index (Kg/m^2)	30.6 ± 6.0	27.2 ± 4.0	0.002^1
Waist circumference—WC (cm)	93.1 ± 15.0	87.7 ± 11.0	0.049^1
SBP—systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	115 (107.8–123)	110 (110–120)	0.366^2
1/HOMA	0.7 (0.3–1.4)	1.1 (0.7–1.5)	0.031^2
QUICKI	0.3591 (0.3-0.4)	0.3872 (0.3-0.4)	0.031^2
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	154.9 ± 28.0	149.7 ± 25.6	0.407^1
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	39.3 ± 10.5	43.4 ± 8.6	0.077^1
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	95.6 ± 23.4	91.2 ± 26.2	0.443^1
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	113.2 ± 51.1	74.9 ± 30.8	<0.0001^1
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	71.2 ± 15.9	74.1 ± 8.3	0.292^1
120 m glucose (mg/dL)	104.9 ± 25.4	100.6 ± 29.9	0.525^1
Urea (mg/dL)	24.5 ± 7.9	22.6 ± 4.6	0.192^1
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	21.9 ± 7.3	16.4 ± 4.6	0.001^1
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	25.9 ± 11.8	17.4 ± 8.6	0.002^1
Total testosterone (ng/dL)	138.1 ± 95.9	109.5 ± 27.9	0.049^1
Luteinizing hormone—LH (mlU/mL)	5.7 ± 4.2	3.2 ± 4.6	0.017^1
Follicle-stimulating hormone—FSH (mlU/mL)	4.1 ± 2.2	2.7 ± 2.3	0.011^1
Fasting insulin (mIU/mL)	12.8 ± 11.5	6.6 ± 4.9	<0.002^1
Tumor necrosis factor—TNF- (pg/mL)	7.1 ± 3.9	6.0 ± 1.4	0.0129^1
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	316.5 ± 214.7	44.9 ± 23.1	<0.0001^1
Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)	6.2 ± 2.2	3.7 ± 1.2	<0.0001^1

Student’s -test, independent samples; ²Mann-Whitney test; PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; 1/HOMA: 1/homeostasis model assessment index; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index.