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| Author, year | Study | Number of patients | Imaging technique | Aim | Tumor type | Results | Conclusion |
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| UBM |
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| Lanzl et al., 1998 | The role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in surgical planning for limbal dermoids—study design not given | 2 | UBM (50 MHz) | To investigate the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination for surgical planning in limbal dermoids | Infantile limbal dermoid | UBM
(i) Can distinguish normal cornea from the more sonolucent lesion
(ii) Presence or absence of Descemet’s membrane could be identified
(iii) Depth of involvement of limbal dermoids could be assessed | UBM
(i) Can assess depth involvement of opaque corneal lesions such as limbal dermoids
(ii) Because planning of the surgical approach in these cases is facilitated by preoperative knowledge about the depth of penetration of these opaque lesions, UBM can be regarded as a helpful tool in the clinical management |
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| Grant and Azar, 1999 | Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the diagnosis and management of limbal dermoid—study design not given | 1 | UBM (type of probe not mentioned) | To report the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the diagnosis and management of limbal dermoid | Limbal dermoid | Clinical examination, ultrasound biomicroscopy, biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of limbal dermoid
(highly echogenic lesion, 0.78 mm thick) | UBM
(i) Useful diagnostic adjunct for limbal dermoids
(ii) Helpful in delineating the extent of these lesions |
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| Hoops et al., 2001 | Preoperative evaluation of limbal dermoids using high resolution biomicroscopy—retrospective analysis | 8 | High resolution biomicroscopy (50 MHz) | To assess whether ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) can detect the corneal depth of penetration of dermoids which could improve planning of surgery | Limbal dermoids | (i) 7/8: UBM showed a more reflective and predominantly homogeneous lesion compared with the unaffected corneal stroma, so that the lateral margins of the lesion could be clearly identified
(ii) Penetration of the tumor: 4/8: incomplete stromal penetration of the dermoid was noticed; 1/8 showed a corneal full-thickness dermoid; 1/8 intraocular protrusion; 2/8 remained unclear because of reduced compliance
(iii) 7/8: Descemet’s membrane beneath the dermoid could not be visualized because of strong sound attenuation inside the lesion | UBM
(i) Improves the preoperative evaluation of limbal dermoids
(ii) Subtle examination technique for the depth of corneal penetration is required because of the strong sound attenuation in this tissue, reducing the visibility of deep corneal structures |
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| Buchwald et al., 2003 | Ultrasound biomicroscopy of conjunctival lesions—prospective study | 28 | UBM (30 MHz) | To determine the value of UBM in the diagnosis of conjunctival lesions | 28 conjunctival lesions: Compound nevus (8/28), cysts (6/28), inflammatory processes (3/28), granulomatous processes (2/28), lymphomas (2/28), foreign bodies (2/28), pterygium (2/28), malignant melanoma (1/28), primary acquired melanosis (1/28), conjunctival amyloidosis (1/28) | UBM
(i) Cyst of conjunctiva: demonstrating cystic tumor in 21%
(ii) Solid tumor of conjunctiva: no definite diagnosis with UBM
(iii) Compound nevus: heterogeneous sonographic structure within the tumor
(iv) Foreign body: posterior shadowing of the underlying tissue | UBM (of conjunctival lesions caused by a cyst or a solid tumor)
(i) May be an additional diagnostic tool
(ii) Now not possible to differentiate between different lesions solely by means of ultrasonography |
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| Lin et al., 2004 | Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Pigmented Conjunctival Cystic Nevi—study design not given | 2 | UBM (type of probe not mentioned) | To report the use of UBM in the clinical diagnosis and management of pigmented conjunctival cystic nevi | 2 conjunctival lesions: raised melanocytic lesions localized on the conjunctiva characterised by rapid growth; they were suspected to be inflamed juvenile conjunctival nevi | UBM
(i) Multiple areas of cystic tissue, which is compatible with pathologic finding of compound nevus with epithelial inclusion cysts formation
(ii) Clear interface between the mass and the underlying sclera was found | UBM
(i) Useful diagnostic to distinguish cysts in conjunctival lesions
(ii) May be helpful in delineating the extent of lesions prior to excision |
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| Ho et al., 2007 | Ultrasound biomicroscopy for estimation of tumor thickness for conjunctival melanoma—retrospective review | 3 | UBM (50 MHz) | To assess the feasibility of using high frequency UBM in estimating thickness of conjunctival melanomas preoperatively | Conjunctival melanoma (3) | Patient 1: UBM thickness = 1.99 mm and Breslow thickness = 1.5 mm
Patient 2: UBM thickness = 2.4 mm and Breslow thickness = 2.23 mm
Patient 3: both UBM and Breslow thickness = 2.3 mm | UBM
(i) Useful tool for estimation of tumor thickness for conjunctival melanomas
(ii) Additional diagnostic tool for estimating tumor thickness before surgical resection of conjunctival melanoma |
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