Research Article

Novice Reviewers Retain High Sensitivity and Specificity of Posterior Segment Disease Identification with iWellnessExam

Table 2

Statistics and positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV).

Any diseaseRetinal diseaseOptic nerve disease

PPVNonoptometric80.4%71.4%68.8%
PPVPre-1st yr, technician89.5%84.3%81.4%
PPV1st yr student77.9%68.6%58.5%
PPV3rd yr student81.9%73.4%68.7%

PPVExpert99.0%98.5%97.8%

PPVAverage of novices82.4 ± 5.02%74.4 ± 6.86%69.3 ± 9.37%

NPVNonoptometric84.8%86.2%94.6%
NPVPre-1st yr, technician94.3%93.5%98.3%
NPV1st yr student94.3%92.5%89.2%
NPV3rd yr student94.6%92.1%96.3%

NPVExpert96.9%97.7%96.2%

NPVAverage of novices92.0 ± 4.79%91.1 ± 3.32%94.6 ± 3.91%