Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Potential Role for Proteoglycans

Figure 2

Diagram of the structure of the ocular fundus consisting of macula, fovea, photoreceptor cells, retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, Bruch’s membrane, and choroidal vessels. The macula in the central retina is the key site for AMD. Two types of photoreceptors, rods and cone outer segments, and RPE cells are affected in AMD. Bruch’s membrane consists of five layers and acts as a natural barrier enabling the transport of nutrients and oxygen inwards and removal of waste outwards. Choroidal vessels are lined with endothelial cells and provide the entry and exit point of nutrients and waste to the different layers of the macula.