Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students

Table 4

Relation between classic/clinical convergence insufficiency (3 clinical criteria met), accommodative insufficiency, and astigmatism magnitude (most astigmatic eye). Chi-square analyses compared each diagnostic category (row) to the reference category: students who did not meet the clinical criteria for either CI or AI (first row of data, in italic). No significant differences were observed (all values > 0.10).

Category	⁢Astigmatism magnitude,; most astigmatic eye (, %)			Total
	<1.00 D	1.00 to <3.00 D	≥3.00 D
Reference: no clinical CI or AI	135; 44.6%	80; 26.4%	88; 29.0%	303; 100%
Clinical CI	24; 44.4%	14; 25.9%	16; 29.6%	54; 100%
Clinical AI	70; 44.6%	39; 24.8%	48; 30.6%	157; 100%
Clinical CI without AI	7; 29.2%	7; 29.2%	10; 41.2%	24; 100%
Clinical AI without CI	53; 41.7%	32; 25.2%	42; 33.1%	127; 100%
Clinical AI and CI	17; 56.7%	7; 23.3%	6; 20.0%	30; 100%
Symptomatic CI	17; 56.7%	7; 23.3%	6; 20.0%	30; 100%
Symptomatic AI	46; 52.3%	18; 20.5%	24; 27.3%	88; 100%
Symptomatic CI without AI	5; 38.5%	4; 30.8%	4; 30.8%	13; 100%
Symptomatic AI without CI	34; 47.9%	15; 21.1%	22; 31.0%	71; 100%
Symptomatic AI and CI	12; 70.6%	3; 17.6%	2; 11.8%	17; 100%