Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Full-Term Neonatal Retinal Hemorrhage

Table 3

Univariate logistic regression analysis of maternal, obstetric, and neonatal factors on the degree of RH in full-term newborns.

	OR	95% CI
		Upper	Lower
Maternal factors
Cesarean history	0.186	0.128	0.271	<0.001^a
Anemia	1.037	0.693	1.550	0.861
Thalassemia	1.096	0.702	1.710	0.687
Pregnancy-induced hypertension	0.581	0.271	1.246	0.163
GDM	0.789	0.570	1.093	0.154
Preeclampsia	0.669	0.373	1.202	0.179
Premature rupture of membranes	0.827	0.666	1.028	0.087
Placental abruption	0.940	0.192	4.593	0.939
Obstetric factors
Mode of delivery (SVD/CS)	0.097	0.072	0.132	<0.001^a
Birth canal laceration	2.671	2.268	3.146	<0.001^a
Uterine inertia	0.917	0.664	1.267	0.599
Emergency birth	1.539	0.985	2.406	0.058
Polyhydramnios	0.809	0.268	2.443	0.706
Oligohydramnios	0.825	0.506	1.344	0.439
Postpartum hemorrhage	0.846	0.499	1.434	0.534
Duration of the first stage of labor	0.976	0.950	1.003	0.080
Duration of the second stage of labor	0.654	0.540	0.792	<0.001^a
Amniotic fluid index	1.001	0.999	1.003	0.285
Forceps	1.179	0.546	2.546	0.675
Anterior superior iliac spine diameter	0.923	0.842	1.011	0.084
Iliac spine diameter	1.011	0.931	1.097	0.799
Sacral shame diameter	0.909	0.799	1.034	0.147
Ischial tuberosity diameter	0.969	0.880	1.067	0.517
BPD	1.004	0.985	1.023	0.674
Neonatal factors
Cord around the fetal neck	1.223	1.029	1.454	0.022^a
Intracranial hemorrhage	4.932	2.263	10.75	<0.001^a
NHB	1.150	0.965	1.371	0.119
Maternal ABO blood group incompatibility	0.870	0.395	1.915	0.729
IVF-ET	0.359	0.108	1.194	0.095

^aStatistically significant.