Effect of Active and Passive Smoking on Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex

Table 2

Demographical and clinical characteristics of the active smokers and passive smokers.

Variable	Active smokers	Passive smokers	value	p
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	26.28 ± 3.83	25.53 ± 3.90	1.22	0.23
VA (logMAR)	0.05 ± 0.09 (20/40–20/20)	0.05 ± 0.08 (20/40–20/20)	0.08	0.93
BCVA (logMAR)	0.00 ± 0.00 (20/20–20/20)	0.00 ± 0.00 (20/20–20/20)	—	—
SE (diopters)	−0.36 ± 0.41	−0.37 ± 0.28	0.23	0.82
AL (mm)	24.18 ± 0.30	24.22 ± 0.26	−0.83	0.41
IOP (mmHg)	13.13 ± 1.14	13.05 ± 1.08	0.49	0.62
CCT (mm)	544.76 ± 10.11	542.86 ± 12.35	1.06	0.29
Urinary cotinine (ng/ml)	511.58 ± 152.23	41.65 ± 9.92	27.55	<0.0001
Cotinine creatinine ratio (CCR) (ng/mg)	598.32 ± 352.13	40.05 ± 27.01	14.14	<0.0001
The number of cigarettes per day	23.50 ± 9.69 (10–60)	—	—	—
Duration of smoking (years)	19.05 ± 4.89 (10–30)	—	—	—

VA: visual acuity; BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; AL: axial length; SE: spherical equivalent; ng: nanogram.