The Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Perioperative Bleeding in Vitreoretinal Surgery

Table 1

Characteristics for patients during perimenstrual phase (group M) and periovulatory phase (group O).

	Group M	Group O
Age (years, mean ± SD)	42.0 ± 11.4	41.0 ± 9.7	0.55^a
Menstruation day (median, quartile range)	6 (4, 7)	11 (10, 14)	<0.001^b
Vitreoretinal disease (n, %)			0.83^c
RRD	48 (69.6)	56 (65.1)
Choroidal RD	2 (2.9)	3 (3.5)
Macular hole RD	7 (10.1)	10 (11.6)
Tractional RD	4 (5.8)	4 (4.7)
Macular hole	4 (5.8)	3 (3.5)
Epimacular membrane	3 (4.4)	5 (5.8)
Macular retinoschisis	1 (1.5)	5 (5.8)
Surgeon			0.38^c
A	3 (4.4)	9 (10.5)
B	15 (21.7)	16 (18.6)
C	17 (24.6)	19 (22.1)
D	29 (42.0)	30 (34.9)
E	5 (7.3)	12 (14.0)
Operative bleeding (n, %)	10 (14.5)	9 (10.5)	0.45^c
Postoperative bleeding (n)	None	None	—

SD: standard deviation; RRD: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; RD: retinal detachment; ^a values tested by Student’s t-test; ^b values tested by Wilcoxon; ^c values tested by chi-square.