Refraction and Ocular Biometry of Preschool Children in Shanghai, China

Table 2

Mean refractive parameters in right eyes of 3- to 6-year-old children stratified by age and gender.

Age (years)	N	SE					Cylinder
		Mean	SD	Range	Kurtosis	Skewness	Mean	SD	Range	Kurtosis	Skewness
All children	2851	1.20	1.05	22.50	21.815	0.236	−0.55	0.62	6.25	11.884	−2.69
3	481	1.12	0.96	10.63	12.892	1.854	−0.53	0.55	5.25	14.415	−2.702
4	1030	1.21	1.03	22.50	39.564	−0.875	−0.58	0.66	6.25	14.379	−3.014
5	1047	1.24	1.09	17.25	14.816	0.548	−0.54	0.61	4.50	8.4	−2.404
6	293	1.07	1.10	10.00	6.894	0.565	−0.55	0.56	3.50	5.169	−1.885
value		0.033					0.41
Boys	1507	1.10	1.05	21.38	27.014	−0.313	−0.55	0.62	6.25	13.071	−2.789
3	245	1.07	0.99	9.75	17.103	2.633	−0.49	0.49	3.50	6.726	−1.96
4	530	1.10	1.07	19.13	54.378	−3.243	−0.61	0.72	6.25	14.701	−3.157
5	561	1.18	1.04	12.50	10.937	1.552	−0.53	0.58	4.25	7.686	−2.198
6	171	0.92	1.09	9.50	5.377	−0.319	−0.53	0.56	3.25	5.467	−1.986
value		0.036					0.04
Girls	1344	1.30	1.04	18.38	16.201	0.879	−0.55	0.61	5.25	10.577	−2.581
3	236	1.19	0.94	10.13	8.465	0.953	−0.57	0.60	5.25	16.761	−3.025
4	500	1.33	0.98	10.88	16.836	2.363	−0.54	0.59	4.75	11.402	−2.591
5	486	1.32	1.14	16.88	18.569	−0.378	−0.55	0.65	4.50	8.652	−2.544
6	122	1.29	1.08	8.63	8.637	1.938	−0.59	0.57	3.50	5.114	−1.784
value		0.328					0.855