Refraction and Ocular Biometry of Preschool Children in Shanghai, China

Table 5

Prevalence of astigmatism and axis of astigmatism among 3- to 6-year-old Chinese children in Shanghai.

		Astigmatism; (≤−1.50 DC)			Astigmatism; (≤−1.00 DC)			Prevalence of subtypes of astigmatism ≤ −1.00 DC
								With-the-rule			Against-the-rule			Oblique
Variable	Number	Number	%	95% confidence interval	Number	%	95% confidence interval	Number	%	95% confidence interval	Number	%	95% confidence interval	Number	%	95% confidence interval
Age
3	481	28	5.8	3.7–8.1	85	17.7	14.3–21.2	60	70.6	61.2–80.0	6	7.1	2.4–12.9	19	22.4	14.1–30.6
4	1030	82	8	6.3–9.7	190	18.4	16.2–20.9	157	82.6	76.8–87.9	9	4.7	1.6–7.9	24	12.6	7.9–17.4
5	1047	78	7.4	5.9–9.1	188	18	15.6–20.3	156	83	77.7–87.8	7	3.7	1.6–6.9	25	13.3	8.5–18.1
6	293	22	7.5	4.8–10.6	58	19.8	15.4–24.2	50	86.2	77.6–94.8	0	0	N/A	8	13.8	5.2–22.4
value		0.525			0.882			0.049			0.189			0.173
Gender
Boys	1507	110	7.3	6.0–8.6	277	18.4	16.5–20.2	213	76.9	71.9–81.9	13	4.7	2.5–7.2	51	18.4	14.1–22.7
Girls	1344	100	7.4	6.0–8.9	244	18.2	16.1–20.2	210	86.1	81.6–90.2	9	3.7	1.6–6.1	25	10.2	6.6–13.9
value		0.885			0.876			0.008			0.569			0.008
District
Jiading	1801	122	6.8	5.6–8.0	305	16.9	15.3–18.7	249	81.6	77.0–85.9	14	4.6	2.6–7.2	42	13.8	10.2–17.7
Xuhui	1050	88	8.4	6.8–10.1	216	20.6	18.1–23.0	174	80.6	75.0–86.1	8	3.7	1.4–6.5	34	15.7	10.6–20.8
value		0.113			0.015			0.755			0.62			0.53
All	2851	210	7.4	6.4–8.4	521	18.3	16.9–19.7	423	81.2	77.7–84.5	22	4.2	2.5–6.0	76	14.6	11.7–17.5