Adequacy of the Fogging Test in the Detection of Clinically Significant Hyperopia in School-Aged Children

Table 3

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) expressed in %, for different thresholds of visual acuity with the fogging test for the detection of ≥ +2 D and ≥ +1.5 D spherical equivalent errors.

	2/10	3/10	4/10	5/10	6/10	7/10	8/10	9/10
Hyperopia >2.00 D
Sensitivity	100	100	100	100	92	75	75	25
Specificity	7	29	60	79	86	93	95	100
PPV	24	29	41	57	65	75	82	100
NPV	100	100	100	100	97	93	93	82
Hyperopia >1.50 D
Sensitivity	96	86	86	77	68	50	46	14
Specificity	6	28	69	88	94	97	97	100
PPV	41	45	66	81	88	92	91	100
NPV	67	75	88	85	81	74	72	63