Research Article
Intraocular Foreign Bodies: Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors Influencing Visual Outcome and Globe Survival in 373 Eyes
Table 3
Univariate analysis on features of eyes with IOFBs affecting BCVA (BCVA <1.3 logMAR and BCVA ≥0.5 logMAR).
| | Variables | BCVA | value | BCVA | value | <1.3 logMAR
no. (%) | ≥1.3 logMAR
no. (%) | <0.5 logMAR
no. (%) | ≥0.5 logMAR
no. (%) |
| | Age (years) | | | | | | | | <18 | 7 (35.0) | 13 (65.0) | 0.020 | 8 (40.0) | 12 (60.0) | 0.002 | | 18∼50 | 101 (36.5) | 176 (63.5) | 169 (61.0) | 108 (39.0) | | ≥50 | 41 (53.9) | 35 (46.1) | 59 (77.6) | 17 (22.4) |
| | Presenting VA | | | | | | | | <0.5 logMAR | 140 (50.0) | 140 (50.0) | <0.001 | 221 (78.9) | 59 (21.1) | <0.001 | | ≥0.5 logMAR | 9 (9.7) | 84 (90.3) | 15 (16.1) | 78 (83.9) |
| | Length of wound | | | | | | | | 0∼4 mm | 77 (32.4) | 161 (67.6) | <0.001 | 126 (52.9) | 112 (47.1) | <0.001 | | 4∼10 mm | 52 (49.5) | 53 (50.5) | 85 (81.0) | 20 (19.0) | | 10 mm or longer | 20 (66.7) | 10 (33.3) | 25 (83.3) | 5 (16.7) |
| | Entry site of IOFBs | | | | | | | | I zone | 108 (38.8) | 170 (61.2) | 0.395 | 172 (61.9) | 106 (38.1) | 0.612 | | II zone | 31 (47.0) | 35 (53.0) | 45 (68.2) | 21 (31.8) | | III zone | 10 (34.5) | 19 (65.5) | 19 (65.5) | 10 (34.5) |
| | Time before primary repair | | | | | | | | Self-sealing | 37 (27.6) | 97 (72.4) | 0.001 | 68 (50.7) | 66 (49.3) | <0.001 | | <24 h | 95 (46.1) | 111 (53.9) | 141 (68.4) | 65 (31.6) | | ≥24 h | 17 (51.5) | 16 (48.5) | 27 (81.8) | 6 (18.2) |
| | Surface of IOFBs | | | | | | | | Small: <4 mm2 | 15 (30.0) | 35 (70.0) | <0.001 | 24 (48.0) | 26 (52.0) | <0.001 | | Medium: 4∼16 mm2 | 103 (36.3) | 181 (63.7) | 176 (62.0) | 108 (38.0) | | Large: >16 mm2 | 31 (79.5) | 8 (20.5) | 36 (92.3) | 3 (7.7) |
| | Multiple IOFBs | | | | | | | | Yes | 15 (57.7) | 11 (42.3) | 0.055 | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | 0.282 | | No | 134 (38.6) | 213 (61.4) | 217 (62.5) | 130 (37.5) |
| | Magnetic of IOFBs | | | | | | | | Yes | 118 (37.3) | 198 (62.7) | 0.016 | 193 (61.1) | 123 (38.9) | 0.038 | | No | 31 (54.4) | 26 (45.6) | 43 (75.4) | 14 (24.6) |
| | Location of IOFBs | | | | | | | | Anterior chamber | 12 (25.0) | 36 (75.0) | 0.001 | 22 (45.8) | 26 (54.2) | <0.001 | | Intralens | 6 (22.2) | 21 (77.8) | 9 (33.3) | 18 (66.7) | | Ciliary body | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 15 (83.3) | 3 (16.7) | | Vitreous | 59 (36.9) | 101 (63.1) | 102 (63.7) | 58 (36.3) | | Retina | 60 (50.0) | 60 (50.0) | 88 (73.3) | 32 (26.7) |
| | Time before IOFBs removal | | | | | | | | Within 24 h | 77 (38.3) | 124 (61.7) | 0.675 | 122 (60.7) | 79 (39.3) | 0.427 | | 24∼72 h | 30 (43.5) | 39 (56.5) | 51 (73.9) | 18 (26.1) | | 72 h∼1 week | 20 (47.6) | 22 (52.4) | 25 (59.5) | 17 (40.5) | | 1∼2 weeks | 6 (28.6) | 15 (71.4) | 14 (66.7) | 7 (33.3) | | 2 weeks∼1 month | 9 (45.0) | 11 (55.0) | 13 (65.0) | 7 (35.0) | | 3 months or longer | 7 (35.0) | 13 (65.0) | 11 (55.0) | 9 (45.0) |
| | Cataract | | | | | | | | Yes | 128 (42.0) | 177 (58.0) | 0.091 | 205 (67.2) | 100 (32.8) | 0.001 | | No | 21 (30.9) | 47 (69.1) | 31 (45.6) | 37 (54.4) |
| | Vitreous hemorrhage | | | | | | | | Yes | 90 (51.7) | 84 (48.3) | <0.001 | 138 (79.3) | 36 (20.7) | <0.001 | | No | 59 (29.6) | 140 (70.4) | 98 (49.2) | 101 (50.8) |
| | Retinal breaks | | | | | | | Yes | 70 (57.9) | 51 (42.1) | <0.001 | 100 (82.6) | 21 (17.4) | <0.001 | | No | 79 (31.3) | 173 (68.7) | 136 (54.0) | 116 (46.0) |
| | Retinal detachment | | | | | | | | Yes | 42 (59.2) | 29 (40.8) | <0.001 | 58 (81.7) | 13 (18.3) | 0.001 | | No | 107 (35.4) | 195 (64.6) | 178 (58.9) | 124 (41.1) |
| | PVR | | | | | | | | Yes | 34 (52.3) | 31 (47.7) | 0.025 | 58 (89.2) | 7 (10.8) | <0.001 | | No | 115 (37.3) | 193 (62.7) | 178 (57.8) | 130 (42.2) | | Endophthalmitis | | | | | | | Yes | 34 (61.8) | 21 (38.2) | <0.001 | 47 (85.5) | 8 (14.5) | 0.001 | | No | 115 (36.2) | 203 (63.8) | 189 (59.4) | 129 (40.6) |
| | Surgery approaches | | | | | | | | Magnet | 50 (31.4) | 109 (68.6) | 0.001 | 87 (54.7) | 72 (45.3) | 0.002 | | Vitrectomy | 74 (51.4) | 70 (48.6) | 107 (74.3) | 37 (25.7) | | Forceps or phaco | 25 (35.7) | 45 (64.3) | 42 (60.0) | 28 (40.0) |
| | Multiple surgeries | | | | | | | | Yes | 95 (46.1) | 111 (53.9) | 0.007 | 153 (74.3) | 53 (25.7) | <0.001 | | No | 54 (32.3) | 113 (67.7) | 83 (49.7) | 84 (50.3) |
| | Tamponade used | | | | | | | | Nonvitrectomy | 74 (32.3) | 155 (67.7) | <0.001 | 128 (55.9) | 101 (44.1) | <0.001 | | Gas implantation | 29 (70.7) | 12 (29.3) | 33 (80.5) | 8 (19.5) | | Silicone injection | 28 (50.9) | 27 (49.1) | 46 (83.6) | 9 (16.4) | | Balanced saline | 18 (37.5) | 30 (62.5) | 29 (60.4) | 19 (39.6) |
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