Simultaneous Changes in Astigmatism with Noncycloplegia Refraction and Ocular Biometry in Chinese Primary Schoolchildren

Table 3

Logistic regressions of baseline factors for development of CSA from non-CSA eyes after two years.

Baseline characteristic^a	Univariate regression			Multiple regression^b			Multiple regression^c
	Odds ratio	95% CI	value	Odds ratio	95% CI	value	Odds ratio	95% CI	value
Age (y)	1.32	1.05–1.67	0.02
Gender (%)
Boys	Reference
Girls	0.76	0.49–1.17	0.2
Cylinder refraction (D)
0 (75th percentile)	Reference			Reference			—
−0.5 to 0	2.22	1.18–4.19	0.014	2.45	1.29–4.68	0.006	—	—	—
<−0.5 (25th percentile)	5.84	2.76–12.34	<0.001	8.17	3.74–17.85	<0.001	—	—	—
Axis (%)
OBL	Reference			—			Reference
Nil	0.5	0.25–0.97	0.04	—	—	—	0.48	0.24–0.95	0.035
WTR	2.01	1.24–3.24	0.004	—	—	—	1.98	1.21–3.22	0.006
ATR	0.41	0.12–1.36	0.15	—	—	—	0.43	0.13–1.46	0.18
AL (mm)
<22.53 (25th percentile)	Reference			Reference			—
22.53–23.58	1.07	0.56–2.05	0.844	1.26	0.65–2.46	0.49	—	—	—
>23.58 (75th pencentile)	3.96	2.13–7.36	<0.001	5.19	2.72–9.90	<0.001	—	—	—
AL/CRC ratio
<2.89 (25th percentile)	Reference			—			Reference
2.89–2.99	1.55	0.74–3.26	0.25	—	—	—	1.5	0.71–3.17	0.29
>2.99 (75th pencentile)	5.13	2.45–10.74	<0.001	—	—	—	4.99	2.37–10.51	<0.001

CSA, clinically significant astigmatism; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; y, years; AL, axial length; CRC, corneal radius of curvature; D, diopters; Nil, cylinder refraction of zero. ^aPercentiles correspond to baseline values for children with non-CSA; ^bLogistic functions were adjusted for age, gender, and baseline cylinder refraction; ^cLogistic function were adjusted for age, gender, and axis of baseline non-CSA (≤0 to > −0.75 D). in multiple regression^b; in multiple regression^c.