Bifocal and Multifocal Contact Lenses for Presbyopia and Myopia Control

Table 3

Photopic binocular near contrast sensitivity function for different studies. See also Table 2 for comparison with distance outcomes for the same studies. Units are LogCS.

Author (year)	Lens type/fitting	n (Rx) (age)	Log CS (1.5 cpd)	Log CS (3 cpd)	Log CS (6 cpd)	Log CS (12 cpd)	Log CS (18 cpd)
Gupta et al. (2009) [99]	Monovision; Purevision MF	20 (−1.42 ± 2.87); (55.0 ± 5.1)	1.62; 1.58	1.73; 1.73	1.60; 1.53	1.19; 1.10	0.80; 0.70
García-Lázaro et al. (2012) [100]	Monovision; Pinhole	22 (0.11 ± 0.12); (57.3 ± 5.8)	1.52; 1.48	1.60; 1.43	1.49; 1.21	1.09; 0.79	0.85; 0.60
Llorente-Guillemot et al. (2012) [101]	Spectacles; Purevision MF	20 (−1.42 ± 2.87); (53.2 ± 5.3)	1.54	1.62	1.63	1.21	0.60
Madrid-Costa et al. (2013) [102]	Purevision MF; Oasys MF	20 (+0.35 ± 1.78); (45.1 ± 2.3)	1.37; 1.30	1.59; 1.54	1.24; 1.12	1.05; 0.96	0.67; 0.60