Effects of Oral Vitamin B1 and Mecobalamin on Dry Eye Disease

Table 3

Comparison of pre- and posttreatment among the groups.

1 month-baseline

2 months–-baseline

2 months-1 month

G1

G2

G3

G4

G1

G2

G3

G4

G1

G2

G3

G4

Signs (mean ± SD)

TMH (mm)

0.02 ± 0.06

0.02 ± 0.06

−0.01 ± 0.06

0.02 ± 0.07

0.03 ± 0.07

0.01 ± 0.06

0.01 ± 0.05

0.00 ± 0.08

0.01 ± 0.06

−0.01 ± 0.06

0.01 ± 0.08

−0.01 ± 0.06

TBUTF (s)

0.04 ± 3.49

0.17 ± 2.35

0.69 ± 2.04

0.59 ± 1.76

0.66 ± 3.79

1.42 ± 4.26

1.15 ± 1.57

0.79 ± 2.74

0.62 ± 3.39

1.25 ± 3.42

0.48 ± 1.86

0.66 ± 2.54

TBUTA (s)

0.46 ± 2.87

0.22 ± 2.50

0.74 ± 1.97

0.43 ± 1.77

0.62 ± 3.38

1.62 ± 3.82

0.97 ± 2.43

1.37 ± 2.67

0.16 ± 2.68

1.40 ± 2.96

0.02 ± 1.51

0.82 ± 2.71

CNFD (mm/mm^2)

2.42 ± 1.75

−0.13 ± 1.66

3.16 ± 1.94^ε

3.44 ± 3.55^∂

0.021

3.37 ± 2.60

0.89 ± 1.07

7.39 ± 3.57^ε

9.32 ± 3.00^∂

0.001

0.95 ± 1.43

1.03 ± 1.53

4.22 ± 2.83

4.93 ± 3.21

0.002

Symptoms (mean ± SD, scores)

Dryness

0.90 ± 2.11

−0.58 ± 2.52

0.28 ± 3.03

−1.41 ± 3.64^#

0.005

0.70 ± 2.39

−0.45 ± 2.96

−0.81 ± 2.37

−1.18 ± 2.65^#

0.028

−0.20 ± 2.54

0.13 ± 2.48

−1.81 ± 2.47^ε

0.23 ± 2.99^∀

0.015

Foreign body sensation

1.18 ± 3.21

−0.08 ± 3.27

−0.08 ± 3.11

−1.19 ± 3.11^#

0.021

1.18 ± 3.38

0.60 ± 3.16

−1.31 ± 3.65

−1.50 ± 5.18^#

0.011

0.00 ± 2.65

0.68 ± 3.12

−1.88 ± 3.14^ε

−0.91 ± 4.25

0.013

Pain

−0.45 ± 2.16

0.10 ± 3.57

−0.83 ± 3.17

−1.50 ± 2.51

0.05 ± 3.43

0.18 ± 3.46

−1.38 ± 3.09

−0.91 ± 3.71

0.50 ± 3.21

0.08 ± 3.44

−0.46 ± 2.45

0.91 ± 3.50

Burning

0.50 ± 3.00

0.15 ± 3.33

0.23 ± 2.28

−1.03 ± 3.03

0.30 ± 2.57

0.68 ± 3.12

0.12 ± 1.93

−0.55 ± 2.44

−0.20 ± 3.39

0.53 ± 2.97

−0.46 ± 2.25

−0.09 ± 1.23

Watering

0.40 ± 2.91

−0.03 ± 2.11

−0.73 ± 2.41

0.22 ± 1.56

0.38 ± 2.25

0.03 ± 2.79

0.00 ± 3.01

0.55 ± 2.22

−0.03 ± 2.09

0.05 ± 3.39

0.23 ± 3.02

0.41 ± 1.22

Asthenopia

0.80 ± 3.67

0.48 ± 2.37

0.35 ± 2.66

−0.34 ± 2.72

0.60 ± 3.88

0.00 ± 2.31

−0.31 ± 2.77

0.77 ± 2.41

−0.20 ± 2.15

−0.48 ± 2.54

−1.00 ± 3.20

1.41 ± 2.13

0.009

Blurred vision

−1.35 ± 3.08

0.35 ± 4.33

−0.28 ± 3.49

−1.16 ± 2.07

0.05 ± 3.59

0.10 ± 3.89

0.46 ± 1.70

−1.32 ± 2.83

1.40 ± 3.24

−0.25 ± 2.85

1.50 ± 3.48

−0.23 ± 1.85

0.020

Itching

−0.25 ± 2.70

0.10 ± 3.95

0.25 ± 3.09

−0.72 ± 2.56

0.30 ± 2.52

1.33 ± 4.37

−0.46 ± 3.11

−0.82 ± 3.06

0.55 ± 1.91

1.23 ± 3.91

0.23 ± 3.18

0.32 ± 1.46

Increased secretions

−0.20 ± 1.14

1.13 ± 3.13

0.05 ± 2.77

−0.38 ± 2.55

0.045

−0.03 ± 2.12

0.85 ± 3.67

0.54 ± 3.85

−0.23 ± 1.90

0.18 ± 1.91

−0.28 ± 2.75

0.54 ± 2.92

0.09 ± 1.19

Photophobia

0.55 ± 2.23

0.10 ± 3.68

−0.38 ± 1.44

−1.09 ± 2.98

−0.08 ± 2.37

−0.78 ± 3.35

−1.08 ± 2.67

−0.95 ± 2.21

−0.63 ± 1.82

−0.88 ± 2.84

−0.81 ± 1.88

0.50 ± 2.94^∂∀

Total

1.75 ± 13.11

1.73 ± 17.65

−1.13 ± 14.26

−8.59 ± 15.46^∂#

0.017

3.38 ± 11.51

2.53 ± 13.08

−4.23 ± 13.60

−6.14 ± 15.06^#

0.011

1.63 ± 11.89

0.80 ± 16.35

−3.92 ± 13.11

2.64 ± 8.94

Satisfaction (mean ± SD, scores)

Before

−0.57 ± 3.03

−0.71 ± 2.35

−0.59 ± 4.11

0.00 ± 3.71

−0.63 ± 2.68

−0.21 ± 3.48

−0.92 ± 3.00

−0.13 ± 4.94

0.21 ± 3.13

−0.22 ± 3.84

−0.88 ± 2.50

−0.13 ± 1.73

After

0.46 ± 2.10

0.17 ± 3.42

0.63 ± 3.26

1.38 ± 1.51

Following advice

−0.14 ± 0.65

−0.28 ± 1.43

−0.38 ± 0.72

−0.50 ± 0.93

Improvement

−0.07 ± 2.68

0.33 ± 2.44

0.38 ± 2.93

0.25 ± 1.58

G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; TMH: tear meniscus height; TBUTF: tear film breakup time first; TBUTA: tear film breakup time average; CNFD: corneal nerve fiber density. Satisfaction: before: pretreatment satisfaction with ocular surface; after: posttreatment satisfaction with ocular surface; following advice: compliance with the doctor’s advice; improvement: satisfaction with therapeutic effects. values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and are expressed as groups 1 versus 3, ^#groups 1 versus 4, ^εgroups 2 versus 3, ^∂groups 2 versus 4, and ^∀groups 3 versus 4 among the different groups.