Research Article
Visual Sequelae of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study
Table 1
Relationship between symptoms and type of commonest/primary screen used.
| | | Apple N = 97 | Android N = 397 | Laptop N = 129 | Desktop computer N = 95 | iPad/Tab N = 5 | Other screens N = 10 | value |
| | Ocular symptoms | | | | | | | | | Blurred vision | 47.4% | 47.6% | 41.1% | 15.8% | 0 | 40.0% | <0.0001 | | Dry eyes | 24.7% | 26.5% | 20.9% | 10.5% | 20.0% | 30.0% | 0.02 | | Eye strain/fatigue | 43.3% | 50.1% | 41.1% | 19.0% | 40.0% | 60.0% | <0.0001 | | Eye redness | 17.5% | 24.7% | 24.0% | 8.4% | 0 | 40.0% | 0.002 | | Double vision | 2.1% | 3.0% | 0.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.41 | | Refocusing difficulties | 20.6% | 20.7% | 17.8% | 6.3% | 0 | 10% | 0.02 | | Near vision difficulties | 13.4% | 16.1% | 15.5% | 4.2% | 0 | 10% | 0.04 | | Unclear objects | 44.33% | 45.1% | 38.0% | 16.8% | 0 | 70.0% | <0.0001 |
| | Extraocular symptoms | | | | | | | | | Headache | 44.3% | 53.9% | 45.0% | 20.0% | 40.0% | 70.0% | <0.0001 | | Insomnia | 22.7% | 21.7% | 18.6% | 5.3% | 20.0% | 10.0% | 0.003 | | Depression | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.80 | | Neck pains | 45.4% | 49.9% | 38.0% | 22.1% | 40.0% | 40.0% | <0.0001 | | Joint pains | 35.1% | 36.3% | 18.6% | 10.5% | 0 | 30.0% | <0.0001 | | Inability to hold objects | 3.1% | 5.0% | 3.1% | 1.1% | 0 | 10.0% | 0.35 | | Difficulty to write | 13.4% | 6.3% | 2.3% | 5.3% | 0 | 10.0% | 0.03 |
| | Number of symptoms | | | | | | | | | Mean ± SD | 3.8 ± 2.9 | 4.1 ± 2.8 | 3.2 ± 3.0 | 1.5 ± 2.4 | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 0.0001 | | Median (range) | 4 (0 : 13) | 4 (0 : 12) | 3 (0 : 11) | 0 (0 : 10) | 1 (0 : 4) | 3.5 (2 : 7) | | | CVS diagnosed with ophthalmic examination | 77 (79.4%) | 340 (85.6%) | 92 (71.3%) | 36 (37.9%) | 2 (40.0%) | 10 (100%) | <0.0001 |
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Fisher’s exact test was used as there are more than 20% of cells containing expected value less than 5. |
