Casein Kinase 2-Interacting Protein-1 Alleviates High Glucose-Reduced Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells via Activating the p62/KEAP1/NRF2 Signaling Pathway

Figure 5

CKIP-1 suppresses oxidative stress and cell death induced by high glucose. (a) Relative production of ROS in different groups was evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) levels. (b) Relative expression levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated by assay kit. (c) Relative activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assessed by assay kit. (d) Cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 assay kit.  < 0.001 vs. NG.  < 0.001 vs. HG.  < 0.001 vs. HG + NC.  < 0.05 and  < 0.001 vs. HG + CKIP-1. NG, normal glucose (5.5 mM); MG, mannitol (20 mM); HG, high glucose (25 mM); NC, pcDNA3.1 vector negative control; CKIP-1, pcDNA3.1-CKIP-1; ML385 (5 μM), the Nrf2 inhibitor.

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