Research Article

Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis-Related Orbital Infection: A Single Medical Center Experience

Table 1

Comparison of patients’ characteristics, symptoms and signs, culture reports, and image findings between the orbital-involved and sparing group in patients diagnosed with AIFRS (DM: diabetes mellitus; EOM: extraocular movement).

Orbital involvement (n = 9)Orbital sparing (n = 12)Total (n = 21) value

Basic information
 Male6 (66.7%)7 (58.3%)13 (61.9%)1.000
 Age, years64.0 (56.5–71.5)55.0 (37.5–67.8)58.0 (47.0–69.5)0.109
 Onset days14.0 (8.5–17.0)13.0 (2.8–19.3)14.0 (6.5–18.5)0.668

Comorbidity
 DM9 (100.0%)2 (16.7%)10 (47.6%)<0.001
 Hypertension7 (77.8%)1 (8.3%)7 (33.3%)0.002
 Renal insufficiency4 (44.4%)0 (0.0%)4 (19.0%)0.021
 Systemic steroid use1 (11.1%)1 (8.3%)2 (9.5%)1.000
 Malignancy solid tumor0 (0.0%)2 (16.7%)2 (9.5%)0.486
 Malignancy hematology1 (11.1%)8 (66.7%)9 (42.9%)0.024

Symptoms and signs
 Nasal obstruction1 (11.1%)4 (33.3%)5 (23.8%)0.338
 Nasal discharge4 (44.4%)3 (25.0%)7 (33.3%)0.397
 Cheek pain4 (44.4%)4 (33.3%)8 (38.1%)0.673
 Facial swelling1 (11.1%)2 (16.7%)3 (14.3%)1.000
 Ptosis4 (44.4%)1 (8.3%)5 (23.8%)0.119
 Orbital pain6 (66.7%)2 (16.7%)8 (38.1%)0.032
 Orbital swelling4 (44.4%)1 (8.3%)5 (23.8%)0.119
 Decreased visual acuity8 (88.9%)0 (0.0%)8 (40.0%)<0.001
 EOM limitation7 (77.8%)0 (0.0%)7 (35.0%)<0.001
 Fever3 (33.3%)12 (100.0%)15 (71.4%)0.002
 Headache4 (44.4%)1 (8.3%)5 (23.8%)0.119
 Conscious disturbance5 (55.6%)1 (8.3%)6 (28.6%)0.046

Fungal culture report
Mucor2 (22.2%)1 (8.3%)3 (14.3%)0.553
Rhizomucor1 (11.1%)0 (0.0%)1 (4.8%)0.429
Rhizopus4 (44.4%)1 (8.3%)5 (23.8%)0.119
Aspergillus flavus3 (33.3%)9 (75.0%)12 (57.1%)0.087
Fusarium0 (0.0%)1 (8.3%)1 (4.8%)1.000

Sinus involvement on CT or MRI
 Frontal sinus6 (66.7%)1 (8.3%)7 (33.3%)0.016
 Ethmoid sinus9 (100.0%)4 (33.3%)13 (61.9%)0.005
 Sphenoid sinus8 (88.9%)2 (16.7%)10 (47.6%)0.002
 Maxillary sinus8 (88.9%)8 (66.7%)16 (76.2%)0.338

Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Mann–Whitney U test, median (IQR). , .