Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis-Related Orbital Infection: A Single Medical Center Experience
Table 1
Comparison of patients’ characteristics, symptoms and signs, culture reports, and image findings between the orbital-involved and sparing group in patients diagnosed with AIFRS (DM: diabetes mellitus; EOM: extraocular movement).
Orbital involvement (n = 9)
Orbital sparing (n = 12)
Total (n = 21)
value
Basic information
Male
6 (66.7%)
7 (58.3%)
13 (61.9%)
1.000
Age, years†
64.0 (56.5–71.5)
55.0 (37.5–67.8)
58.0 (47.0–69.5)
0.109
Onset days†
14.0 (8.5–17.0)
13.0 (2.8–19.3)
14.0 (6.5–18.5)
0.668
Comorbidity
DM
9 (100.0%)
2 (16.7%)
10 (47.6%)
<0.001
Hypertension
7 (77.8%)
1 (8.3%)
7 (33.3%)
0.002
Renal insufficiency
4 (44.4%)
0 (0.0%)
4 (19.0%)
0.021
Systemic steroid use
1 (11.1%)
1 (8.3%)
2 (9.5%)
1.000
Malignancy solid tumor
0 (0.0%)
2 (16.7%)
2 (9.5%)
0.486
Malignancy hematology
1 (11.1%)
8 (66.7%)
9 (42.9%)
0.024
Symptoms and signs
Nasal obstruction
1 (11.1%)
4 (33.3%)
5 (23.8%)
0.338
Nasal discharge
4 (44.4%)
3 (25.0%)
7 (33.3%)
0.397
Cheek pain
4 (44.4%)
4 (33.3%)
8 (38.1%)
0.673
Facial swelling
1 (11.1%)
2 (16.7%)
3 (14.3%)
1.000
Ptosis
4 (44.4%)
1 (8.3%)
5 (23.8%)
0.119
Orbital pain
6 (66.7%)
2 (16.7%)
8 (38.1%)
0.032
Orbital swelling
4 (44.4%)
1 (8.3%)
5 (23.8%)
0.119
Decreased visual acuity
8 (88.9%)
0 (0.0%)
8 (40.0%)
<0.001
EOM limitation
7 (77.8%)
0 (0.0%)
7 (35.0%)
<0.001
Fever
3 (33.3%)
12 (100.0%)
15 (71.4%)
0.002
Headache
4 (44.4%)
1 (8.3%)
5 (23.8%)
0.119
Conscious disturbance
5 (55.6%)
1 (8.3%)
6 (28.6%)
0.046
Fungal culture report
Mucor
2 (22.2%)
1 (8.3%)
3 (14.3%)
0.553
Rhizomucor
1 (11.1%)
0 (0.0%)
1 (4.8%)
0.429
Rhizopus
4 (44.4%)
1 (8.3%)
5 (23.8%)
0.119
Aspergillus flavus
3 (33.3%)
9 (75.0%)
12 (57.1%)
0.087
Fusarium
0 (0.0%)
1 (8.3%)
1 (4.8%)
1.000
Sinus involvement on CT or MRI
Frontal sinus
6 (66.7%)
1 (8.3%)
7 (33.3%)
0.016
Ethmoid sinus
9 (100.0%)
4 (33.3%)
13 (61.9%)
0.005
Sphenoid sinus
8 (88.9%)
2 (16.7%)
10 (47.6%)
0.002
Maxillary sinus
8 (88.9%)
8 (66.7%)
16 (76.2%)
0.338
Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Mann–Whitney U test, median (IQR). ,.