Manifestations and Virus Detection in the Ocular Surface of Adult COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Risk of bias for individual studies included in the meta-analysis.

Study	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	Sum	Overall risk of bias
Seah et al. [8]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Hong et al. [9]	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	5	Moderate
Zhou et al. [10]	1	0	10	0	0	0	1	0	1	4	Moderate
Guemes-Villahoz et al. [11]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Wu et al. [12]	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	4	Moderate
Zhang et al. [13]	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Kumar et al. [14]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Karimi et al. [15]	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	4	Moderate
Xie et al. [16]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Oncul et al. [17]	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	Low
Atum et al. [18]	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	5	Moderate
Li et al. [19]	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	4	Moderate
Xia et al. [20]	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	5	Moderate
Tostamann et al. [21]	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	5	Moderate
Abrishami et al. [22]	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	Low
Bostanci Ceran et al. [23]	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	3	Low
Chen et al. [24]	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	4	Moderate
Liang and Wu [25]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Guan et al. [26]	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	4	Moderate
Savastano et al. [27]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Alizadehsani et al. [28]	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	4	Moderate
Dutescu et al. [29]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Boz et al. [30]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Meduri et al. [31]	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	5	Moderate
Kaya et al. [32]	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	5	Moderate
Hanege et al. [33]	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	5	Moderate
Pirraglia et al. [34]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Cavalleri et al. [35]	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	4	Moderate
Schettino et al. [36]	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	4	Moderate
Mahmoud et al. [37]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	5	Moderate
Shemer et al. [38]	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	5	Moderate
Lee et al. [39]	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	5	Moderate
Arora et al. [40]	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	Moderate
Rokohl et al. [41]	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	4	Moderate
Sindhuja et al. [42]	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	4	Moderate

D = dimension; D2: Was the sampling frame a true or close representation of the target population? D3: Was some form of random selection used to select the sample, OR, was a census undertaken? D4: Was the likelihood of nonresponse bias minimal? D5: Were data collected directly from the subjects (as opposed to a proxy)? D6: Was an acceptable case definition used in the study? D7: Was the study instrument that measured the parameter of interest shown to have reliability and validity? D8: Was the same mode of data collection used for all subjects? D9: Were the numerator(s) and denominator(s) for the parameter of interest appropriate?