A significant number of patients worldwide have had refractive surgery to eliminate refractive error (from the early 1990s to 2004, more than 17 million LASIK procedures were performed worldwide, and almost one million patients are estimated to undergo corneal refractive surgery yearly in the united states alone). Moreover, cataract surgery has become the most common surgical procedure. At the same time, although the number cannot be readily estimated, there are around 120-140 million contact lens wearers worldwide. The growing popularity of corneal refractive surgery, intraocular lens implantation, contact lens fittings, and a combination of these treatments have demonstrated to adversely affect tear film physiology and are associated with a raising risk of developing dry eye disease (DED). These treatments have been used for common distance refractive correction as well as for presbyopia. At the same time, the prevalence of DED increases with age. With population ageing in developed countries, it is likely that the number of subjects with DED will increase substantially.

It is clear that different types of refractive treatments can induce changes in tear film metrics, resulting in the intensification of symptoms as well as exacerbation of DED. Having said that, alterations on the ocular surface and tear film can compromise the success of some alternatives for vision correction by altering the visual quality and comfort of the patients.

Presently, DED and vision correction are hot topics in the field of vision science research and are key to public health organizations. This special issue focuses on all types of refractive corrections and DED and its intention is to highlight interactions between both.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• New approaches to assess the ocular surface and tear film stability (i.e., new devices, algorithms, etc.)
• DED induced by different refractive correction approaches
• Impact of ocular surface and/dry eye on the success of different refractive and presbyopic correction approaches
• New theoretical models to improve the depth of focus
• Combination of refractive solutions and its implications
• Clinical results of different presbyopic solutions
• Presbyopia correction and dry eye signs and symptoms
• Effect of dry eye disease treatments on the optimization of monofocal and multifocal intraocular or contact lenses results